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Abstract
SUMMARY
The goal of the present investigation was to establish the role of hair as a reliable indicator for determination of some metallic pollutants (lead, cadmium and mercury) in tissues of the exposed animals. Thus, metals levels in hair can serve as early warning tool.
A total number of 50 male cattle (1.9–4 years old) and 50 male buffaloes (1.9–3 years old) were subjected to study. These animals were slaughtered in slaughterhouses belong to Assiut governorate (El-Wasta, Assiut and Mosha). Animals were examined clinically before slaughtering for presence of any abnormal clinical signs and for detection of any apparent toxic manifestations. Blood, hair, liver, kidney, muscle and bone samples were collected from each animal under investigation. All samples were packed in clean, labeled plastic bags and then kept in deep freeze (-20 ºC) for chemical analysis. Digested samples of whole blood, hair, liver, kidney, muscle and bone were preceded for determination of lead, cadmium and mercury concentration using ion analyzer EA 920, Orion research, Orion American Company. pH of samples were adjusted to 4-7 before analysis.
Results can be summarized as follow:
1. Lead
A. Concentration of lead in examined tissues
Cattle (1.9 – 4 years old) showed lead concentration values (X ± SE) of 0.342 ± 0.055, 0.039 ± 0.003, 0.211 ± 0.033, 0.220 ± 0.015, 0.11 ± 0.013 and 0.178 ± 0.016 ppm in hair, blood, liver, kidney, muscle and bone respectively. While, in buffaloes (1.9-3 years old) were 0.147 ± 0.018, 0.023 ± 0.0032, 0.061 ± 0.011, 0.131 ± 0.014, 0.032 ± 0.0026 and 0.072 ± 0.010 ppm in hair, blood, liver, kidney, muscle and bone respectively,
B. Correlations between lead concentration in hair and other tissues
Correlations between lead concentrations in hair and other investigated tissues in cattle revealed significant positive correlations between lead concentrations of hair and blood (p < 0.05), and hair and muscle (p < 0.01). On the other hand, buffaloes showed significant positive correlations between lead concentrations in hair and blood (p <0.01), and hair and bone.
2. Cadmium
A. Concentration of cadmium in examined tissues
Cattle showed cadmium concentration values (X ± SE) of 0.028 ± 0.003, 0.013 ± 0.0023, 0.087 ± 0.038, 0.152 ± 0.031, 0.008 ± 0.001 and 0.025 ± 0.0045 ppm in hair, blood, liver, kidney, muscle and bone respectively. While, in buffaloes were 0.124 ± 0.021, 0.047 ± 0.007, 0.572 ± 0.071, 0.46 ± 0.096, 0.027 ± 0.0045 and 0.176 ± 0.047 ppm in hair, blood, liver, kidney, muscle and bone respectively.
B. Correlations between cadmium concentration in hair and other tissues
Correlations between cadmium concentrations in hair and other investigated tissues in cattle revealed significant positive correlations between hair and blood (p < 0.01), and hair and liver (p< 0.01). On the other hand, buffaloes showed significant positive correlations between hair and blood (p < 0.01), hair and liver (p < 0.05), hair and kidney (p < 0.05), and hair and muscle (p < 0.05).
3. Mercury
A. Concentration of mercury in examined tissues
Cattle showed mercury concentration values (X ± SE) of 0.228 ± 0.048, 0.217 ± 0.022, 0.324 ± 0.04, 0.355 ± 0.04, 0.10 ± 0.013 and 0.05 ± 0.007 ppm in hair, blood, liver, kidney, muscle and bone respectively. While, in buffaloes, were 0.143 ± 0.025, 0.17 ± 0.022, 0.05 ± 0.007, 0.13 ± 0.023, 0.096 ± 0.012 and 0.034 ± 0.002 ppm in hair, blood, liver, kidney, muscle and bone respectively.
B. Correlations between mercury concentration in hair and other tissues
Correlations between mercury concentrations in hair and other investigated tissues in cattle revealed a significant positive correlation between hair and muscle (p <0.01). On the other hand, buffaloes showed significant positive correlations between hair and blood (p < 0.01), hair and kidney (p < 0.05), and hair and bone (p<0.05).
An overview of our results indicated that:
• Hair lead and cadmium concentrations are good indicators for blood lead and cadmium concentrations in cattle and buffaloes.
• Hair lead and mercury concentrations are good indicators for muscle lead and mercury concentrations in cattle.
• Hair cadmium concentration is a good indicator for liver cadmium in cattle and buffaloes.
• Hair lead concentration is a good indicator for bone lead concentration in buffaloes.
• There are significant positive correlations between concentrations of cadmium in hair and muscle in buffaloes.
• There are significant positive correlations between concentrations of mercury in hair and blood of buffaloes.
• There are significant positive correlations between concentrations of mercury in hair and bone of buffaloes.