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Abstract
Translation typically has been used to transfer source language texts to their equivalent target language texts. In general, the purpose of translation is to reproduce various kinds of texts—including religious, scientific, philosophical, and in this study, literary texts—in another language and thus making them available to wider readers. If language were just a classification for a set of general or universal concepts, it would be easy to translate from an SL to a TL; furthermore, under these circumstances the process of learning an L2 would be much easier than it actually is. In this regard, Culler (qtd. in Baker 1992:10) believes that languages are not nomenclatures and the concepts of one language may differ radically from those of another, since each language articulates or organizes the world differently, and languages do not simply name categories; they articulate their own. The conclusion likely to be drawn from what Culler writes is that one of the troublesome problems of translation is the disparity among languages. The bigger the gap between the SL and the TL, the more difficult the transfer of message from the former to the latter will be.
This study is going to concentrate mainly on the problematic factors involved in translation such as, meaning, style, proverbs, idioms, collocations, cultural items, omissions and additions etc. existing in the Arabic translations الحارس, الأرض الحرام, الأيام الخوالي, خيانة and to correlate these factors with the translation procedures proposed by Newmark (1988b).
1.1. The problem and its setting
The broad area of this study is assessing the problems that faced translators linguistically and culturally in the translations of the highly-specific dramatic texts of Harold Pinter from English into Arabic The four translations of the study are: No Man’s Land, Old Times translated by Al-Sharif Khater, Betrayal is translated by Amir Slama, and The Caretaker translated by Abd-El-Halem El-Bishlawy. All the translators belong to the same linguistic and cultural background.
Pinter’s texts are absorbed in the locality of the source culture and its setting, as a result they need to be appreciated in translation so as to give the target reader the true picture. What makes such texts tough for translation is the cultural gap between SL and TL readers (different ways of thinking, feeling, material culture, food, and clothing etc…). The idea of such topic came out of the flaws of the target texts that do not reflect the literary position of Pinter’s literature and his works. The argument is whether to conform Pinter’s texts to the target reader’s local culture and taste or keep the source cultural markers as much as possible.