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Abstract
THA aims to relive pain and restore normal movement. It is the most successful, cheapest and safest form of joint replacement surgery. The history of THR extends back more than a century and a half, but the first very successful hip prosthesis was designed and implanted in 1961, by sire John Charnely. Indications of THR are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, avascular necrosis, ankylosing spondylitis and trauma. Contraindications are current infection, poor skin coverage, quadriceps muscle tendon, peripheral vascular disease, sever limiting mental dysfunction and extreme obesity. Complications are infection, dislocation, DVT, nerve injury, HO, osteolysis, loosening, fractures and leg length changes. There are 4 approaches for THR, anterolateral, direct lateral, transtrochanteric, and posterolateral. The implant consists of 3 parts, acetabular component, femoral component and cement, and is made from many types of materials such as UHMWPE, stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloys, titanium alloys and ceramic. There 3 ways of fixation cemented, cementless or hybrid. There are many recent advances in THR such as development of a new ceramic material, new hip model, new types of alloys, new types of cement, new cross-link UHMWPE and new design of acetabular cup. Because traditional THR has many complications, minimally invasive THR has appeared to solve these problems. The idea of minimally invasive THR is that the incision is smaller than traditional so minimize trauma to muscles and tendons. There are 2 types of minimally invasive approaches, two-incision approach and single incision approach. The two-incision approach is a novel approach that employs intermuscular and internervous planes to gain access to the joint while minimizing the disruption of muscles and tendons.