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Abstract
Patients admitted to intensive care units tend to have specialized health care needs, and often require continuing monitoring. These units need highly efficient health care providers, including nursing personnel. Nurses working in these units require highly technical preparations in order to enable them to meet the patient’s needs, and life threatening situations. A standard of nursing care is especially needed in these units in order to guarantee a high level of quality care.
The present study was conducted with the aim of developing standards of nursing care for nurses working in intensive care units through testing the validity of proposed standards, and that of the applicability of the standard criteria.
The study was conducted in intensive care units at Military Medical Compound at Kobry El Kobba, affiliated to Ministry of Defense. Two groups of subjects were included in the study. The first group was the jury group which consisted of forty-five experts from different categories; fifteen physicians, fifteen nursing faculty members, and fifteen nursing administrators. The second group consisted of 60 staff nurses employed at the intensive and coronary care units at Kobry El Kobba Hospital at the time of the study.
Two tools were used to collect data. The first was an opinionaire sheet which was prepared, face and content validated through experts’ opinions. The second tool is an observational checklist to assess the applicability of the content criteria of the tool. Data were collected through distribution of the opinionaire to the experts to express their opinions about all items of the standards and returning them back to the researcher. Continuous observation by the researcher was also done to all nursing personnel assigned during the three work shifts. Observation of structure standards in the units was done three times randomly.
Data yielded by these techniques were then analyzed.
The findings indicated that:
According to the experts’ opinion, almost all criteria of structure and process standards were face and content valid.
The only exception criterion disagreed by experts was related to structural standards which stated as ”personnel in intensive care unit are defined through a designed organizational structure ( military nursing supervisors 26.7%, military doctors 20.0% and nursing faculty 13.3%). Also it was not applicable, so, it was omitted from the developed standards.
Regarding to structure standards in intensive care units under study, the philosophy, objectives and policies were not present in a written form (0.0%).
-Regarding to process standards, the study findings showed that,the areas of nursing process which are: patient assessment,planning of nursing care, implementation and evaluation of nursing were done with high percentages by the nurses (ranged from 88.3%-100%) while the area of patient discharge plan was done in low percentage (40.0%).
-It is recommended that, the structure and process standards developed in this study to be applied in the intensive care units under study and generalized in all similar settings in military hospitals. In addition, to developing a written manual policies and procedures to be available in all hospital’s units and be accessible to all nursing staff is highly recommended and nursing staff should be trained in applying them; however such a manual should be reviewed and revised periodically.