الفهرس 
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Abstract
The current study aimed to investigated the nature of the connection between the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the sympathetic preganglionic neurones which supply the adrenal medulla in rat. The results of this study have shown the followings: (1) the paraventricular axon terminals in the thoracic spinal cord terminates directly on sympathoadrenal preganglionic neurones . this finding has not been shown before. (2) the lateral parvocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus may represent the main source of paraventricular to the sympathoadrenal preganglionic neurones. (3) the external lateral subdivision of the parabrachial nucleus projects directly to the intermediolateral column of the upper thoracic segment. This finding also has not been shown before. (4) the parabrachial nucleus does not show a direct projection to the sympathoadrenal preganglionic neurones.