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Abstract
Endometrial Polyps are common pathological lesions of the uterine corpus in the permienopausal women. The prevalence of endometrial polyps in the general female population is estimated to be approximately 24-25. In postmenopausal asymptomatic women, it is about 30%. Polyps usually present with abnormal uterine bleeding, and have been implicated as a cause of abnormal bleeding in between 2% and 23% of patients coming to biopsy.
Polyps may be difficult to identify in curettage specimens and are often missed. The role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in endometrial polyp formation is still a point of debate. Many researchers reject the idea that HRT is a risk factor for endometrial polyp formation and others confirmed that HRT is a risk factor for endometrial polyp formation.
Polyps are, in general, considered benign proliferative lesions.
Carcinomatous changes in endometrial polyps have also been reported.
These polyps have been named malignant endometrial polyps and their incidence has been variable in the scientific literature, ranging from 0.5% to 4.8% due to different sampling techniques and different classification of polyps by the investigators.
The aim of this study was to review the studies concerning the histopathologic patterns of endometrial polyps, risk factors for polyp formation and malignant potential of endometrial polyps.
We concluded that the detection and diagnosis of a polyp should be taken seriously because its presence often offers an explanation for abnormal bleeding, accounts for a thickened strip on vaginal ultrasound or reveals a carcinoma confined to a polyp.
The classification of endometrial polyp did not show much diversity between researches. Endometrial polyps are classified as a common polyps and the atypical polypoid adenomyoma.
The role of hormone replacement therapy endometrial polyp formation is still a point of debate and still needs further research while tamoxifen treatment has been proved to be a risk factor for polyp formation.
In post-menopausal women, all polyps whether symptomatic or not should be resected as there is a relatively high chance for the polyp to be malignant.
The most common type of endometrial carcinoma that can arise in a polyp is endometrioid carcinoma arising from benign polyp remains an aggressive tumor with unfavorable outcome.