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Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis is a surgical process involving gradual,
controlled displacement of surgically created fractures which
results in simultaneous expansion of soft tissue and bone.
Unique feature of distraction technique is that bone
regeneration by distraction osteogenesis is accompanied by
simultaneous expansion of soft tissue matrix as an adaptive
change to the tension generated by distraction forces. This
technique was first described by Ilizarov who developed it
experimentally and perfected it clinically. It was first used
mainly to lengthen long bones. The reliability of this method
has been examined by several authors who introduced this
therapeutic principle to craniofacial surgery both experimentally
and clinically so as to displace portion of the facial skull or the
jaws. Also demonstrated the suitability of callus distraction for
vertical augmentation of atrophic portions of the jaws in preprosthetic
surgery. It is widely believed that new bone
formation, occurs more or less in same way as
intermembraneous ossification. Stretching of soft tissue is
possible by distraction osteogenesis without any problems at a
distraction rate of one millimeter per day.