الفهرس 
IntroducrionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 132 |  |  |
| | | from | 132 | | |
Abstract
Self-organisation can be regarded as arising through pre-programmed molecular recognition leading to reproducible systems in biology and materials science.obvious biological examples are the secondary,tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins theDNA double helix and numerous biomaterial structures such as zeolites,moleecular-bsed magnetic materials,i-D chains,2-d grids and self-assembling arrays of nanoscale clusters are amongst the examples produced using chemical syntheses.the desired rchitecture was achieved through hydrogen bonding interactions,carboxylic acid groups,stacking hyDROPhobic interactions and so on.