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Abstract
Urinary tract infection is defined as the persistent presence or actively multiplying organisms within the urinary tract. The importance of urinary tract infection arises from the fact that it may lead to serious complications such as renal damage and hypertension on the long run. This review includes an overall study of recent trends in diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections in children its association in nephrourologic disorders.
The incidence of urinary tract infection was reviewed and there was a peak during the first year of life with a male preponderance.
This has been attributed to the increased incidence of structural anomalies and meatal exposure to bacterial contamination. While,females after the first year of life take the upper hand may be due to short urethera. The infecting organisms may reach the urinary bladder or the kidneys through the urethra (ascending route) or through the blood stream (haematogenous route).
As regards the clinical manifestations, they are variable and misleading as they are influenced by the age, sex, the underlying cause, causative organisms and localization of infection So, urinary tract infections are considered one of the most misleading diseases of childhood.
As regards diagnosis, the demonstration of a significant number of bacteria in the urine is the only valid criterion for the presence of urinary tract infection. This significant number differs according to the method of urine collection. In a properly obtained clean voided specimen, greater than 100,000 colonies/ml of a single organism is diagnostic