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Abstract
The recent explosion in the knowledge of the genetic basis of disease brings promise for understanding the causes of glaucoma and improving its diagnosis and treatment. Mapping techniques based on large families with well-defined forms of glaucoma have localized several genes related to open angle glaucoma. By understanding the functions of the affected genes, these mapping results may provide important clues to the mechanism of disease. This knowledge allows early diagnosis of specific forms of glaucoma,which in turn allows targeting of individuals at high risk of developing optic nerve damage and early, aggressive treatment with currently available glaucoma therapy.
Eventually this genetic information will lead to development of new drugs to bypass the consequence of the identified gene defect,therby allowing specific therapy of the cause of glaucoma in individual patients as determined by their genotype.timately,gene therapy,using either replacement of DNA, modification of mRNA,or replacement of the defective protein,may provide long-term relief.
Several potential approaches to such therapy are now in development and may be targeted at either the trabecular meshwork or the ciliary body.
These may use either viral vectors or nonvector approaches, such as liposomes, ribozymes, and antisense therapy.
As these therapies evolve, specific gene therapy can be used to replace or circumvent the defective glaucoma gene before visual loss has occurred.
Keywords: Introduction, aim of the study, review of literature, introduction to genetics, diagnosis and management of glaucoma, genetics of primary congenital o.a.g, genetics of primary acquired o.a.g, genetics of secondary o.a.g, genetics and therapy of glaucoma, summary, references, arabic summary.