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Abstract
This work was conducted to investigate the possible therapeutic effects of plant roots where as nearly no researches were done in this filed. Common plants particulary balady beans (vicia faba), marrow (cucurbita pepo), tomatos (...Lycopencison esculantum......) eggplant (.Solanum melongena L........), and jew’s mellow (.Corchorus malva...). where used to obtain the roots , which were washed, sundreied, powdered and used at level of 5% in albino rats diets. Rats were inflicted with hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia to investigate the effect of root diets as remedy for these diseases. At the end of experiment serum of rats was used to determine liver function enzymes (GOT- GPT- ALP), serum protein fractions ( albumin – globulin and albumin/globulin ratio (A/G), serum glucose, lipid fractions (TC- TG- HDL- VLDL- LDL AND total lipids), kidney functions ( urea- creatinnine and uric acid). Biological changes were also evaluated (body weight gain BWG%), food intake FI and FER) as well as relative weight of internal organs (liver – spleen- kidneys- heart and lungs). The results revealed the followings: 1. Hyperglycemia : 1- Hyperglycemia raised the serum glucose of rats from 110.2 ±4.2 to 225 ±9.71 mg/dl, showing percentage increase about 101.2%. 2- Feeding with broad beans, marrow, tomato, eggplant and jew`s mallow root diets reduced serum glucose of alloxan injected rats percent decreases where -49.9, -34.1, -53.6, -41.2 and -38.2% respectively. 3- No one of diets, restored the serum glucose level characteristic for normal healthy albino rats (110.2 ±4.2 mg/dl) except tomato roots diet (104.33 ±9.5) indicating percentage decrease of -53.6%. 4- Anyhow all tested roots diets proved to be potent agents of low glycemic index. 5- Inflicting of rats with diabetes mellitus raised the liver enzymes activities possibly due to inflammation, percentage increases were (+79, +228 and +62% ) for GOT, GPT and ALP respectively. 6- Plant roots diets, however ameliorated the increase of liver enzymes activities; percentages of decreasing compared to control positive rats ranged between ( -90.1 to -95.3% , -2.9 to -56.7% and -6.2 to -48.6 %) for GOT, GPT, ALP respectively. 7- Marrow and eggplant roots diets restored the original value (value for control negative”-” rats) of GOT, while marrow restored completely the original value of ALP; no one of diets restored the original value of GPT level; possibly more time of feeding is needed to achieve this goal . 8- By the effect of hyperglycemia, TP, A/G and Albumin decreased, while Globulin level increased. 9- All plant roots diets ameliorated the above mentioned changes. 10- In particular, restoring of original value characterstic for normal (control negative ”-”) rats, where as follows for roots diets: (T.P- broad beans, tomato and jew’s mellow; Albumin- broad beans, tomato and jew’s mellow; globulin- broad beans, eggplant, A/G-
broad beans, marrow. It is an evident that broad beans roots diet improved all serum protein fractions (TP, albumin, globulin and A/G ratio). 11- Inflicting of rats with hyperglycaemia raised the urea, creatinnine and uric acid indicating kidney disorders. 12- Feeding with plants root diets reversed the changes of kidney functions parameters recorded for hyperglycemic rats. 13- Restoration of the original value characteristics for normal healthy albino rats was found for creatininne of marrow root diet , and uric acid for marrow and eggplant root diets, while no one of diets corrected completely the urea level of normal rats. 14- Hyperglycaemia reduced BWG% and FER , while raised the FI as compared with control negative group, percentages of change were -44.37 % , -20.99% and + 4.08 % respectively. 15- Feeding with plant roots diets reversed the above changes provided that the highest BWG% and FI were recorded for
marrow roots diet. 16- It seems possible that best sample was that of broad bean roots diet (FER 0.302), followed by jew`s mellow root diet (FER 0.275) then come Marrow, Tomato & Eggplant root diet (FER 0.260 each). 17- Inflicting of rats with hyperglycemia resulted in the increase of internal organs relatives weight, possibly due to inflammation ;percentage increases compared to control negative values were : liver (+27.66% ) , spleen (+34.21%) , kidneys (+24.19%) , heart (+11.77%) &lungs (+12.33%). 18- when rats were fed on root diet of Broad beans, Marrow, Tomato, eggplant & Jew`s mellow the relative weight of the internal organs decreased; percentages decreases ranged: 19- Liver (-8.33% to -20.95%), Spleen (-5.88% to -29.41%), kidneys (-3.9 to -14.29%), Heart (-2.63 to -21.05%) & Lungs (-2.44 to -14.63%). 20- In some cases such as (spleen for jew`s mellow); heart for broad bean, marrow, eggplant & jew`s mellow);(lungs for marrow & eggplant) the relative weight of previous internal organs decreased to the original values of normal (control negative (-) rats) or less, while for other treatments, it seems that more time of feedings may be needed. . Hyperchlesterolemia: 1- Hypercholesterolemia raised total cholesterol (T.C), triglycerides (TG), LDL, VLDL, T.L, & A-I while decreased HDLc. percentage changes (% of control negative (-) were +46.2, +34.4, +194.1, +34.4, +77.0, +134.7 & -8.1%). 2- Due to feeding with plant root diets reversed changes were obtained; percent decreases ranged: T.C (from -25.9 to -39.7) TG (from -0.4 to -0.53) LDL (from -62.6 to -80.4) VLDL (from 0.4 to 0.55) TL (from -41.2 to -50.2) & A.I from (-49.8 to -75.6% ) While percentages increase of HDL ranged from +9.4 to +22.7%. 3- Based on A.I level, best treatments were that of Broad bean 0.447%) and tomato (0.684) showing percentage decreases (-75.6% & -62.7%) respectively. 4- All samples except the Jew`s mallow, lowered the A.I to a level which was even less. Then that of normal control (-) rats , showing theuloy complete restirage of original A.I value. 5- Hyperchlesterolemia raised the levels of GOT, GPT & ALP activities in serum; percentage increases were +90.6, +108.0 & +68.6% respectively. 6- Feeding with plant roots ameliorated the changes due to hypercholesterolemia, percent decreases ranged: GOT (-19.0 to -44.9%), GPT (-30.0 to -44.03%) & ALP (-9.4 to -60.5%). 7- Maximum reductions of GOT & ALP were found for GPT was found for Eggplant roots.8- Hyperchlesterolemia affected the levels of serum protein fractions, TP, Alb, & A\G levels reduced while Glb increased; percent changes were -5.7%, -15.2%, -15.7%) and +0.6% respectively. 9- Feeding with root diets seems to be unique method for restorage of original TP, Alb, Glb & A\G levels characteristic to normal control (-) rats , specially that of tomato root diet , which showed maximum improvment of A\G (+73.4%). 10- By feeding treatments percent increases of T.P, Alb & A\G and percent decrease of Glb ranged from +0.5 to +20.3%, +12.6% to +55.6%, +20.0 to +73.4% and -1.8 to -9.1%. 11- Hypercholesterolemia raised the level of serum glucose from 110.2 ±50 to 162.6 ±7.1 mg\dl for control (+) group ,percentage increase 47.6% compared to control (-) group. 12- Plant roots diet lowered the level of serum glucose from 162.6±7.1 mg\dl (control positive (+)) group to 116.5 ±5.3 (-28.4%) for Broad bean ,130.5 ±5.3 mg\dl(-19.7%) for Marrow, 152.75 ±11.0 mg\dl (-6.1%) for Tomato ,111.9±5.2 mg\dl (31.2%) for Eggplant &119.5 ± 61 (-26.5%) for Jew`s mallow. 13- Best treatments seems to be that of eggplant roots diet (111.9 ± 5.2 mg/dl) which correlated nearly the original level (110.2±5.0 mg/dl) characteristic for control negative (-) rats. 14- Hypercholesterolemia raised urea (+61.3%), creatinine (+20.0%) & uric acid (+105.0%) compared to control negative (-) rats. 15- On the other hand, feeding with plant roots diets either ameliorated or completely corrected the changes in kidney functions due to hypercholesterolemia. 16- Eggplant treatment was the best one ,not only improved the serum urea, creatinine & uric acid, but also the levels at the end of the experiment were less than that of normal rats (-lesterolemia revealed (-54.97%) decrease of BWG%, (-67.68%) decrease of FER & (+5.38%) increase of FI. 17- Feeding of hypercholesterolemia rats with plant roots diets caused (+66.01 to 192.2%) increase of BWG%, (+2.12 to 277.7% ) increase of FER & (-21.3 to 36.6%) decrease of FI. 18- The highest increase of BWG% was found for Broad bean roots diet, while the highest decrease of FI & FER were recorded for eggplant roots diet. 19- All tested plant roots diets resulted in FER values which were better than that of the normal rats (control negative group), indicating the remarkable improvement caused by such diets. 20- Due to hypercholesterolemia the weight of all organs increased, percentages of increase of control positive (+) group compared to that of control negative (-) group were: liver (+19.45%), spleen (+5.26%), kidneys (+16.13), heart (+8.82%) & lungs (+12.33%). 21- Feeding of rats with plant roots diets decreased the weight of organs, only in few cases restorage of initial weight was incompeute, while in 84% case (21 of 25 cases) the relative weight was even less than that of the healthy control (-) rats, percent decreases of weight (compared to control positive (+) group) ranged as follow: liver (-1053 to 3.87%), spleen (-10.0 to -25%), kidneys (-9.72 to 25.0%), heart (-10.81 to 21.62%) & lungs (-19.51 to -29.27%). 22- It is important to note that best sample seems to be that of eggplant roots diet which showed the lowest weight of internal organs and highest percent reduction of relative compared to control positive (+) rats.