الفهرس 
Chapter I : IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
One thousand uteri and mammary glands of sexually mature non-gravid ewes slaughtered at El-Basateen and El-Mounib abattoirs of Cairo and Giza provinces were studied. Out of these examined cases, one hundred uteri and fifty-five mammary glands showed pathological lesions with incidence of 10% and 5.5% respectively. Uterine and mammary gland affections in ewes were classified according to its etiological agent into: A) Bacterial affections: 1- Corynebacterium pyogenes infection: Corynebacterium pyogenes was isolated from 21uteri (21%) and 14 mammary glands (25.45%). In uterus, grossly, congestion, petechiae on the uterine mucosa with accumulation of creamy to greenish-white pus in the uterine lumens and presence of large abscesses were seen. Microscopically, degeneration and desquamation of the endometrial epithelium which mixed with neutrophilic cellular infiltration in the uterine lumen were observed. Hyperplasia of the glandular epithelium with periglandular fibrosis and haemosidrosis as well as Vasiculitis and old abscess in the sub mucosa were detected. In mammary gland, single and multiple abscesses filled with creamy to greenish-white pus were grossly seen.
Microscopically, these abscesses formed from central necrotic tissue surrounded by fibrous capsule infiltrated with polymorphonuclear inflammatory cells. Moreover, degeneration and desquamation of the alveolar epithelium with fibrosis and mononuclear inflammatory cellular infiltration of the interalveolar stroma were found.
Grossly, the supramammary lymph nodes showed abscess oozing grayish-white pus on sectioning.
Histopathologically, suppurative lymphadenitis characterized by abscess formation with dystrophic calcification was recorded.
2- Corynebacterium ovis infection:
Corynebacterium ovis was isolated from nine uteri (9%) and three mammary glands (5.45%).
Macroscopically, the uteri were enlarged, congested and showed abscess oozing creamy watery to thick pus on cut-section.
Microscopically, congestion with degeneration and desquamation of the mucosal epithelium were observed. Hyperplasia of the glandular epithelium and periglandular fibrosis with polymorphonuclear inflammatory cellular infiltration were seen. Microscopical abscess with dystrophic calcification were also observed. Haemorrhages in submucosa with hypertrophy and hyalinization of the blood vessel walls were also seen.
In mammary gland, single and multiple abscess with fistulae discharging cheesy pus were grossly noticed.
Microscopically, chronic abscesses with presence of degenerated and desquamated acinar epithelium mixed with eosinophilic cellular debris in the acinar lumina were seen.
3- Escherichia coli infection:
Escherichia coli was isolated from 31 uteri (31%) and 18 mammary glands (32.73%).
In uterus, the uterine wall was thickened and congested with presence of blood stained serous exudate in the uterine lumens.
Microscopically, edema, congestion and hemorrhages with desquamation or hyperplasia of the endometrial epithelium were noticed. Periglandular fibrosis with cystic dilatation of the uterine glands accompanied by flattening, degeneration and desquamation of their epithelium with mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltration in their lumens were observed. Hyalinization of the uterine blood vessel wall was also recorded.
In mammary gland, macroscopically, the mammary glands were mostly edematous, congested and showed multiple abscesses containing grayish-white pus in one examined case.
Microscopically, diffuse destruction of the glandular acini and fibrosis of the interacinar and interlobular stroma were also observed. Accumulation of eosinophilic exudate mixed with polymorphonuclear leucocytic cells in the acinar lumens were found.
The supramammary lymph nodes were grossly indurated and contained chalky white deposits.
Microscopically, thickening of the capsule and trabeculae with lymphoid depletion in the center of lymphoid follicles as well as focal areas of calcification surrounded by mononuclear inflammatory cells were found.
4- Staphylococcus aureus infection:
Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 26 uteri (26%) and 17 mammary glands (30.91%).
In uterus macroscopically, uteri showed congestion, petechiae, thickened walls and grayish-white pus on the affected mucosae.
Histopathologically, congestion, atrophy and desquamation of the uterine mucosa with cystic dilatation of the uterine glands that showed degeneration and hyperplasia of their epithelium and polymorphonuclear leucocytic cells in their lumens were detected. Periglandular fibrosis, haemosidrosis and calcification with vasiculitis were recorded.
The affected mammary glands were grossly enlarged, indurated and showed multiple abscesses.
Microscopically, abscesses centered on the interlobular collecting ducts containing calcium deposits were detected. Vasiculitis with destruction of the glandular acini and focal neutrophilic infiltration were also found.
The supramammary lymph nodes were grossly edematous and showed multiple grayish-white foci.
Microscopically, lymphoid follicles hyperplasia with perifollicular mononuclear inflammatory leucocytic cellular infiltration were noticed.
5- Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from ten uteri (10%) and two mammary glands (3.64%).
The uteri were grossly congested and showed grayish- white pus in their lumens with blackish colored mucosa in two cases.
Microscopically, desquamation of the mucosal epithelium and accumulation of eosinophilic exudate with polymorphonuclear cellular infiltration in the lumen of the uterine glands were seen. Periglandular edema and mononuclear cellular infiltration were also observed. Moreover, melanosis of the endometrial stroma were noticed in two cases.
Grossly, the affected mammary glands were enlarged and revealed multiple abscesses filled with greenish to bluish colored pus.
Microscopically, abscess formation associated with necrosis and desquamation of the surrounding alveolar epithelia and accumulation of eosinophilic debris in the alveolar luminae were seen. Fibrosis and polymorphonuclear cells infiltration of the interalveolar stroma were recorded.
B) Neoplastic affections:
Four benign tumors including papillary adenoma, cystic adenoma and fibroma of uterus (3%) and lipoma of adipose tissue of mammary gland (1.82%) were recorded.
Papillary adenoma, was represented grossly by white soft mass arisen from the uterine mucosa.
Microscopically, this neoplastic mass originated from the lining epithelium of the uterine glands forming finger-like projections in the gland lumen.
In cystic adenoma, circumscribed mass developed from the uterine mucosa with grayish-white soft cut-section was grossly found.
Microscopically, cystic dilatation of the endometrial glands with flattening of their epithelium and accumulation of homogenous eosinophilic secretion in lumens were seen.
In fibroma, grayish-white mass upto 4 centimeters in diameter originated from uterine mucosa was grossly noticed.
Microscopically, interlacing bundles formed from more fibroblasts and less collagen fibers arranged in whorls around blood capillaries were noticed.
The recorded lipoma was characterized grossly by presence of circumscribed soft greasy whitish mass embedded in the mammary tissue.
Microscopically, well differentiated neoplastic cells similar to normal fat cells but differ in size and irregular in shape were observed.