الفهرس 
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Abstract
• Cyclosporine A(CsA) is an immunosuppressive drug widely used to prevent rejection of allografts (Kidney, liver, heart, lung and bone marrow transplantation). It may also be used for treat some autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and sever resistant psoriasis in hospitalized patients. CsA has a number of side effects, including renal, hepatic, cardiovascular, alimentary, skin, and neural toxicity. Despite its critical role in prevention of kidney and liver rejection, the renal toxicity constitutes one of its unfavorable side effects. Kidney damage is the most frequent toxicity observed.