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Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the chemical composition of soy protein digestion by pepsin and identification of specific peptides (Unique structure), which have ability or possibility of neurological action and to evaluate of effects of some peptides on biochemical, biological and histopathological changes to prevent the development of other sclerosis in the experimental animals at the aged period. On the other hand, functional food or drug of natural argon becoming an interesting scientific issue. The obtained data could be summarized as follow: 5-1- Chemical composition of PPDS: 5-1-1 Identification of PPD4 , kinetics of PPDS were measured by UV spectrophotometer and Bradford assay. Identification of PPDS was performed by HPLC, gel filtration and electrophoresis, from the previous analysis and data of this investigation, it could be conclude, the differences in their composition of the different subunits to have readjustment hormonal and then a maximum cholesterol lowering effect (as hypocholesterolemic agent) is that found in PPD4, as unique peptide of PPDS, which have MW 27KD, it produced in special condition (by pepsin at one hour). 5-2- Biological evaluation) The obtained results showed that, food intake were the highest value of PPD5 than all group 1440 gm/ 45days (32gm/day). While lowest value was positive control group and PPD3 group 1260 gm / 45 days (28 gm/day), but generally, results illustrated to, the amount of food consumption was increased with increase of age in all rats fed diets or fed plus injected by PPDS. Also, results found that food intake of rats given PPD5 were higher than in rats given ceresin (negative control). On the other hand, the lowest value of body weight gain was PPD4 compared to other injected groups by PPDS (85.1 gm / 45 day), while highest value was positive control group (91.72 gm/ 45 days). This due to weight gain tend to be lower in the rats fed the hydrolysates or an injected by PPDS than in rats fed intact protein. Also, food efficiency ratio of PPD4 group was (0.065 gm/ gm) compared with positive control (0.722 gm/gm). It can be suggested that, the differentiation of protein digestibility might be effected to food conversion efficiency. In the same trend, rats injected by PPD4 (0.065 gm/gm) similar with negative control group. But lowest value of FER was PPD5, while highest value was positive control. Effect on weight of organs:1- Heart: the obtained data revealed that, a significantly differences between PPD4 and all groups, except for negative control, PPD1 and PPD3 groups. 2- Liver: the lowest value was PPD4 compared to positive control group, were (8.894 and 9.395 gm), results showed that significant decrease occurred in liver weight PPD4 compared to all groups. Our results showed that, some peptide reduced the adverse effect of hypercholesterolemic liver weight, whereas noticed that PPD4, followed by PPD3 compared with negative control and positive control.
3- Kidney: the data, showed that, significant decrease occurred in kidney weight of PPD4 (1.880gm ) compared with positive control (1.925 gm) and other injected groups by PPDS. 4- Adipose tissue: the results indicated that, adipose tissue weight was lowest (2.098 gm) compared to other injected groups by PPD5.5- Spleen: also, spleen weight in PPD4 was highest (0.9012 gm) compared with negative control and positive control were (0.7246 and 0.8748 gm). But PPD4 was lowest than other injected groups by PPDS. 6- Thyroid gland: interestingly, data showed that, the highest value of thyroid gland weight was found in the PPD4 (0.63 gm) compared with positive control (0.2748 gm), negative control (0.28 gm) and all injected groups by PPDS. There are significant differences between PPD4 group and other injected group at (P.05 or 0.01). These resulting> indicate that, there are biologically active compounds is soy digestion that influences thyroid function. Finally, liver under treating with this bioactive protein had the lowest smallest liver weight, but thyroid gland tended to highest than all groups. 5-3. Biochemical parameters: 5-3-1- Lipoproteins profile of liver and serum rats and arteriosclerosis:
The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the relationship between soy protein fractions or protein proteolytic digestion (PPDS)and possibility neurological action on lipid metabolism, and then, arteriosclerosis, Hypercholestetolemic was induced in Wister rats by feeding on hyperchlesterolemic diet. A- Lipoproteins profile of liver rats and arteriosclerosis : 1- TC, the higher increase in liver total cholesterol in positive control group (0.8502 gm/100gm) compared to negative control (0.53gm/100gm). On the other hand, the lowest value was (0.5508 gm / 100gm) of PPD4, it’s the nearest for negative control. Generally, data showed significant differences between group at 0.05 or P>0.01).
2- TG, also, the results revealed that, lowest value was PPD4 compared to positive control and it the nearest to negative control group compared to other injected groups by PPDS. We suggest that, triglycerides lowering due to effect of peptides or soy protein fraction compared casein.
3- HDL-C, the results illustrated that HDL-c level tended to be highest in PPD4 group (0.408 gm / 100 gm), but lowest value was PPD3 group (0.352 gm/ 100gm) compared with positive control (0.356 gm / 100gm). 4- LDL-C, it consider, the major risk factor lipoprotein for CHD, the illustrated data showed that, the LDL-c level were markedly decrease after injection by PPD4 (0.1172 gm / 100gm) compared positive control was three folding of PPD4 (0.403 gm / 100gm). Our results indicated that, the cholesterol depression is associated with soy protein fraction or specific peptides, occurs mainly in the LDL-c fraction and a significant decrease in the fractional catabolic rate (PCR) of LDL-apolipo-protein B and increase of HDL-c. 5- Total lipids, to evaluate the role of PPD5 on metabolism of total lipids were determined in liver, results showed that, total lipids contents of liver was lowest relative to PPD4 group (3.771 gm/ 100gm) compared positive control and negative control (4.47 and 3.65 gm / 100gm ), respectively.