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Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is an electrochemical wastewater treatment technology. In EC, the active coagulant is produced in situ by electrolytic oxidation of appropriate anode material usually aluminum or iron cations into the solution, which means that there is no need to add chemical coagulant inside the solution. Accompanying electrolytic reactions evolve gas (usually hydrogen bubbles) at the cathode that enhances the flotation.
In the present study, an EC technique for removing copper and nickel from waste water was studied using a new cell configuration. Different variables that affect the EC process were examined in order to determine the effect of each variable on the removal of the heavy metal to enhance the EC process. The variables examined were: (1) initial concentration of heavy metal, (2) current density, (3) sodium chloride concentration, (4) sodium sulphate concentration and (5) initial pH of the solution. The effect of solution pH was conducted using aluminum and iron electrode materials. The removal of heavy metal was found to be increased directly with decreasing the initial metal concentration, increasing the current density, increasing the concentration of sodium chloride, decreasing the concentration of sodium sulphate and increasing the initial pH of the solution.
From the economic point of view, the energy consumption is also calculated for each variable examined and the cost of the optimum condition. It was found that the energy consumption is decreased directly with increasing initial metal concentration, decreasing the current density, increasing the concentration of sodium chloride, decreasing the concentration of sodium sulphate and increasing the initial pH of the solution. Finally, the kinetics of the reaction for both copper and nickel were studied in order to determine the order of the reaction and it was found to be first order reaction.