الفهرس 
Chapter 1 : IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Uncomplete combustion of jet fuel A I causes financial and industrial problems These include the expense of consumption (losing) amount of jet fuel without any use plus the problems associated with increased uncombustible residues in the aircraft combustion engines. Chemical breaking of the oil into very fine DROPlets (jet fuel A I) emulsion by adding non-ionic polymeric surfactants is one of the most important methods used for solving this problem. In this investigation, phenol obtained from coal tar, (El-Nasr Company for Coke and Industrial Chemicals) and a-olefins (produced from El-Amerya Refining Company) as a locally produced materials were allowed to undergo friedel craft reaction to produce the corresponding technical alkyl phenol (TAP). The produced alkyl phenols were condensed with parafomlaldehyde (locally produced) to produce polyalkylphenol fOll11aldehyde derivatives with different molecular weights. Also, the nonene and dodecene reacted also with phenol to produce two different alkyl chains of alkyl phenol (PNPF and DDPF). They also reacted with paraformaldhyde derivatives with different molecular weights to produce the corresponding polymers. The molecular weight of this polymers was deter111ining using GPC method. These products were allowed to react with ethylene oxide unit (40) and their HLB values were calculated. The chemical structure of these polymers was confill11ed using the FTIR and IHNMR spectroscopy. The molecular weight of the used jet fuel Al and these polymers was determined by GC and GPC techniques, respectively. The surface active properties of the prepared polymeric surfactants (nonnionic polymeric surfactants) were also investigated. The surface tension as a function of concentration of the non-ionic polymeric surfactants in water and jet solutions was measured in order to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC) for each surfactant. The surface and thermodY11amic properties were used to determine the behaviour of each surfactant toward miceIJization or adsorption on the surface or the interface.
The possibility for usmg these surfactants to foml jet emulsions was investigated using test tube. Also, the dynamic surface tension against time was investigated. from the obtained data, it was found that the reduction in dY11amic surface tension occurs rapidly with increasing the molecular weight and the alkyl chain of the surfactant. Also, the interfacial tension of these polymeric surfactants was inveatigated against the ACN (Alkane Carbon Number).