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Abstract
For many individuals and couples, the ability to conceive and give birth to a child is key to lifelong ideas about the meaning of life.
Bearing children and parenting are often the foundations around which couples have built a loving, committed relationship.
It is not only frustrating but also devastating for many who want to have children but cannot.
The inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse of reasonable frequency is termed infertility. It can be subdivided into primary infertility, that is, no prior pregnancies, and secondary infertility, referring to infertility following at least one prior conception. There are multiple factors for infertility. (WHO) Task Force, in a broad view of the problem, revealed the following causes of infertility in women: tubal factor 36%; ovulatory disorders, 33%; endometriosis 6%; and no demonstrable cause, 25%.
The infertility evaluation can be conceptually simplified into confirmation of:
1- Normal semen characteristics.
2-Ovulation.
3- Normal female reproductive tract anatomy.
There are five major approaches for evaluating pelvic anatomy:
1- Hysterosalpingography.
2- Transvaginal sonography with or without saline instillation.
3- Laparoscopy.
4- Hysteroscopy.
5- Pelvic imaging by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).