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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The aim of this investigation is to determine the length of the poison gland, the volume of the poison sac, the amount of extracted venom and the venom total protein during the different seasons all over the year in honey bee workers after feeding the experimental colonies on different proteinaceous diets in addition to 50 % sugar solution for all the colonies. The results showed that the mean length of acidic gland and mean volume of venom sac in adult bee workers sting increased as the age of workers progressed.
Feeding the colonies on different types of proteinaceous diets caused an obvious increase in gland length and venom sac volume as compared with the control group. The longest gland and volume of venom sac were obtained when adult workers fed on yeast-pollen mixture in spring followed by summer, autumn and winter seasons respectively at any tested age of workers.
Workers fed on proteinaceous food gave maximum amount of bee venom than that obtained from the control workers. On the other hand, the amount of venom collected in spring was the heaviest as compared with the other seasons all over the year.
Chemical analysis showed that the highest total protein content was recorded in bee venom collected from colonies fed on yeast-pollen mixture in spring, followed by summer, autumn and winter.
Key Words: Honey bee, Sting apparatus, Venom, Acid gland, Venom sac, Total protein.