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Abstract
The objective of this work is to utilize an agriculture wastes, tough bagasse for oil spill cleanup. Bagasse is produced in Egypt as a byproduct of sugar industry.
Tough bagasse was investigated using scanning electronic microscope to study surface characteristics of tough bagasse and FT-IR to identify the functional groups on the fiber surface.
Experiments were carried out on raw tough bagasse to study its sorption capacity and water pickup under simulated field conditions. Different factors were varied to study their effect on sorption capacity including average particle size, sorption time, weight of sorbent, oil film thickness, oil type, temperature, dripping time, soaking time, and reusability. It was found that the best conditions were for average particle size of 1.8 mm at sorption time of 15 minutes giving sorption of 2.38 g / g fiber for seven days weathered Russian crude oil, 2.36 g / g fiber for one day weathered Russian crude oil and 1.73 g / g fiber for gas oil, at oil film thickness of 5 mm and sorption temperature of 25 ±1 C.
Also it was found that one day and seven days weathered heavy Arabian crude oil have the highest sorption capacity of all oils used. The hydrophobic characteristics of raw tough bagasse were tested by determining water pickup, the results showed that raw tough bagasse has a great affinity for water of 2.97 g water/ g sorbent after 15 minutes.
Carbonization of tough bagasse was done to improve the hydrophobic and oleophilic properties. The carbonization was done for raw tough bagasse average particle size of 0.715 mm, 1.125mm, and 1.8 mm at carbonization temperatures of 300, 400, 500, and 600C for carbonization time of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 hours .
Different factors were varied to study their effect on sorption capacity including the effect of carbonization temperature and carbonization time on yield and on bulk density of produced carbon, effect of carbonization temperature on oil sorption capacity and on hydrophobic characteristics, effect of particle size of raw tough bagasse on bulk density of carbonized product and on oil sorption capacity and finally effect of the morphological structure of carbonized tough bagasse on oil sorption capacity. The optimum conditions obtained were at carbonization temperature of 300 C for one hour for raw tough bagasse of average particle size of 0.715 mm with bulk density of carbonized product of 0.0640 g/ cm3 and sorption capacity of 8.09 g / g fiber for seven days weathered Russian crude oil, 7.17 g / g fiber one day weathered Russian crude oil and 7.25 g / g fiber for gas oil.
Carbonized tough bagasse was applied in two forms; loose carbonized tough bagasse and in the form of pad containing carbonized tough bagasse.
For the loose fibers, different factors were varied to study their effect on sorption capacity including sorption time, weight of sorbent, oil film thickness, dripping time, and reusability. It was found that the best conditions were at sorption time of 30 minutes for one and seven days weathered Russian crude oil, and gas oil at oil film thickness of 5 mm at sorption at temperature of 25 ±1C.
For the pad form containing carbonized tough bagasse prepared at the best carbonization; different factors were varied to study their effect on sorption capacity including sorption time, weight of sorbent, oil film thickness, dripping time, and reusability. It was found that the best conditions were at sorption time of 120 min with sorption capacity of 22.31g oil/ g fiber for seven days weathered Russian crude oil 19.03 g oil/ g fiber for one day weathered Russian crude oil and 13.58 g oil/ g fiber for gas oil at oil film thickness of 5 mm and sorption temperature of 25 ±1C.
Comparison between the uncompressed pad containing carbonized tough bagasse and number of commercial sorbents for oil spill removal was done. It was found that the prepared pad has higher sorption capacity than commercial sorbents used in this study.