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Abstract
Studies on possible therapeutic effects of vegetable growths (green onground parts) of tuberous plants such as greens of taro, carrot, suger beet,sweet potato, and potato leaves and stem are scant. Accordingly , this work was conducted to study their effect on hypercholesterolmic and hyperglycemic rats. Fifty two male albino rats, Sprague Dawley strain (150 -210 g weight) were used for testing the vegetable greens of mentioned tuberous plants (at 5 % level) after receiving hypercholesterolmic diet . Biological & chemical analyses of serum, and histopathological
investigation of the internal organs were canied out The results could be
summarized as follows: І. Hypercholesterolemia:
Body weight gain (B.W.G) declined due to inflicting of rats with hypercholesterolemia, while feeding on vegetable (green) growths of tuberous plants reversed this effect. Highest improvement was recorded for sugar beet leaves & stems diet the increased weight (86 ± 1.55 g) which surpassed that recorded for control (-) healthy rats (81.75 ± 2.50).Carrot and potato leaves and stems groups (75 ± 2.74 & 66.25 ± 2.47g) respectively followed that of the sugar beet greens group. food intake (F.I.) was increased due to hypercholesterolemia and continued to increase for all feeding treatment, except for potato leaves & stem group (17.65 ± 0.55 g) which showed nonsignificantly less F.I. than
that of control (+) (17.75 ± 0.45 g),but was higher significantly than that of the control (-) group (16.125 ± 0.81 g).Food efficiency ratio (F.E.R.) decreased due to inflicting with hypercholesterolemia being (0.18 ± 0.03 & 0.11 ± 0.01) in control (-) and control (+) groups respectively. Feeding with vegetable growths of tumor plants ameliorated the less in F.E.R.. Best treatment was that of sugar beet leaves & stems (F.E.R. 0.14 ± 0.02) followed by potato leaves
&stems (F.E.R. 0.13 ± 0.02) and carrot leaves & stem group (F.E.R 0.13 ± 0.01). Best B.W.G. & F.E.R. was recorded for sugar beet leaves & stems group. 4. Relative liver weight (liver %) decreased from (3.68 ± 0.3 to 2.96 ± 0.09 g) due to hypercholesterolemia indicating possible atrophy of this important internal organ. Meanwhile feeding on green growths (on ground greens) of tuberous plants corrected to a high extent the loss of weight. The improvement was evident for sugar beet green growths, and percent decrease compared to control (-) groups was about 8.7 % only, similar results were found for sugar beet leaves & stem group; percen increase compared to control (+) rats was 13.5 %. Potato leaves & stem diet group improved also the liver weight, and percent decrease of control (-) group was 13.6 %, this group showed also percent increase of 7.4 % compared to control (+) group. 5. Heart weight % revealed evident atrophy done to hypercholesterolemia which was (0.35 ± 0.03 & 0.28 ± 0.02 %) for control (-) and control (+) groups respectively. Due to feeding treatments the reverse was found specially for taro, sugar beet, sweet potato & potato leaves and stem groups values were (0.34 ± 0.05, 0.34 ± 0.02, 0.33 ± 0.01 & 0.33 ± 0.02) respectively. All treatments raised the lowered heart % significantly. 6. Relative spleen weight was the only organ indicating evident inflammation showing increase from 0.44 ± 0.05 % (control” -” group) to 0.47 ± 0.02 % (control”+” rats). All feeding treatments with vegetable growths ameliorated this change, specially that of carrot leaves and stem groups (0.35 ± 0.02 %) which showed less relative spleen weight even compared to that of the control (-) group (0.44 ± 0.05 %, showing 25.5 % decrease)compared to control (+) rats. 7. Relative weight of kidneys reduced pronouncedly due to hypercholesterolemia due to atrophy, showing 27.4 % decrease. All feeding treatments with leaves & stems of tuberous plants ameliorated such decrease. In particular, carrot leaves & stem diet of carrot revealed highest rise of atrophied kidneys, being about 17 % increase. Non of treatments corrected completely the loss of kidneys relative weight. 8. Hypercholesterolemia decreased the relative lungs weight from (0.76 ± 0.08 to 0.57 ± 0.02 %). Feeding on ground green growths of tuberous plants reversed such a change. In particular taro leaves and stem diet revealed highest increase which was 26 % of control (+) group. The loss in lungs weight was only 5.3 % that of the control (-) group. 9. Inflicting of rats with hypercholesterolemia raised the activities of liver enzymes.Percent increases were 80.5, 195.7 & 49.7 % for GOT, GPT & ALP respectively. 10. Taro, carrot, sugar beet, sweet potato, and potato leaves and stem diets
corrected the increase in liver enzymes activities. 11. Sweet potato showed highest decrease of GOT & GPT percent decrease compared to control ”+” rats (75.9 & 79.4 % respectively), while potato leaves and stems diet indicated maximum decrease of ALP compared to control ”+” rats (percent decrease was 23.0 %). 12. Taro, carrot, sweet potato, and potato leaves and stem diets caused complete correction of GOT & GPT increase as values were less than that characteristic to control (-) rats. But complete correction of ALP was not reached. 13. Hypercholesterolemia raised the level of serum globulin, while decreased T.protein, Alb. & Alb. / Glob. levels; percent changes due to hypercholesterolemia were + 43.11 %, - 24.36 % and - 52.94 %. 14. Feeding on growths of sweet potato, potato, sugar beet, carrot and taro reversed changes recorded for control (+) group. 15. Maximum improvement of serum T.protein was found for sweet potato leaves &stem diet, as regards T.protein & Alb., percent increases were 74.16 & 74.2 % respectively 16. Maximum decrease of Glob. (+ 30.49 % compared to control +) and maximum increase of Alb /Glob (- 30.5 % and 159.8 %) compared to control ”+”) e.g. (maximum improvements) were recorded for carrot green growths. 17. In several cases of vegetable greens diets (T.protein, sweet potato & potato, Albumin taro, carrot, sweet potato, potato , Globulin carrot, Alb/Glob carrot ,sweet potato) total restoring of original value characteristic to control (-) rats was recorded, indicating that green growths of tuberous plants were potent in correcting the changes due to hypercholesterolemia. 18. Hypercholesterolemia raised the level of urea, creatinine and uric acid, percent increases were 134.6 %, 54.00 %, 60.7 %. 19. Feeding on tuberous vegetable growths diets was correcting the increase of above mentioned parameters, provided that compared to control (+) group maximum decrease of urea was recorded for sugar beet green growths (49.17 % decrease) while maximum decrease of creatinine and uric acid were found for vegetable greens of taro (percent decreases 38.1 & 51.6 % decreases respectively). 20. Complete Restorage of urea was not found for any of tuberous plant leaves & stem diet, while maximum correcting of creatinine and uric acid (reaching less than of control ״-״ group) was recorded for that of taro (percent decrease compared to control ״-״ group were 4.8 & 22.1 %) espectively. 21. Due to hypercholesterolemia T.C., T.Lipids, T.G. and phospholipids were raised, percent increase were (78.7, 91.0, 210.4 & 61.1 % of control״- ״ rats) respectively.22. Feeding on vegetable greens of tuberous plants, namely that of carrot, sugar beet and sweet potato showed maximum percent decreases of 35.6,39.1, 52.4, & 45.3 % respectively; being the most potent treatment in correcting the changes of mentioned lipids.23. Non of treatments (except that of sugar beet leaves &stem diet in case of phospholipids showing - 11.8 % compared to control ” -” group)indicated complete recovery of mentioned parameter. 24. Due to hypercholesterolemia HDL decreased, while LDL, VLDL, and A.I. (atherogenic index VLDL +LDL / HDL) increased; percent increases were 209.4, 210. & 343.4 % respectively. 25. Feeding on vegetable greens of tuberous plants reversed the changesoccurred in control (+) rats in particular that of sugar beet (+ 65 %compared to control ”+”) for HDL, potato (-105.0 % compared to control”+”) for LDL, sweet potato (- 52.4 % compared to control ”+”) for VLDLand carrot (- 70.1 % compared to control ”+”) for A.I.26. None of LDL & VLDL & A.I treatments could restore the original level characteristic for the control (-) normal healthy rats. Meanwhile taro leaves & stem diet restored the original level of HDL (+ 15.12 %compared to control ”-” group).27. Due to inflecting with hypercholesterolemia, serum glucose level increased (percent increase + 36.7 % compared to control ” -” rats). 28. All vegetable greens diets of tuberous plants decreased the level of serumglucose especially that of sweet potato leaves and stem (percent decrease - 35.7 %) compared to control ”+” rats. 29. Due to feeding with diet containing taro, sugar beet and sweet potato leaves and stem complete correction of original level of glucose in serum was reached maxi- mum effect was recorded for sweet potato leaves and stem diet(percent decrease was - 120.1 % compared to control ”-” rats).