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Abstract
The objective of this work is to investigate the use of an agriculture waste, rice straw, in the removal of oil spills. The surface characterization of rice straw was investigated using SEM to show the inner and the outer surface and the cross section area, FT-JR in order to gain better insight into the surface functional groups available on the surface and EDX to identify the elemental analysis of rice straw.
Experiments Were carried out on the raw rice straw to study its oil sorption capacity and water pick up under simulated field conditions using Western Desert oil and gas oil. Different factors were varied to study their effect on the sorption capacity including particle size, sorption time, oil film thickness, dripping time, sorption temperature, reusability, oil type, sorbent weight and soaking time.
It is found that the best conditions are for particle size of 0.502 mm with sorption time of 15 mm at oil film thickness of 5 mm and at sorption temperature of 25°C. Also it is found that Western Desert crude gives the maximum sorption capacity of all oils used of 12.93 g oilJ g straw, 12.23 g oilJ g straw and 8.03 g oil! g straw for seven days weathered Western Desert oil, one day weathered Western Desert oil and gas oil respectively. The hydrophobic properties of rice straw was tested by determining the water pick up, the results indicated that raw rice straw have a great affinity for water of 8.76 g water! g straw after 15 mm and picks it up quickly. arbonization was done to improve the hydrophobic and oleophilic properties of raw rice straw. Sorption capacity of carbonized fibers was measured and the best conditions obtained at carbonization time of 2 hours and carbonization temperature of 3 00°C .Increasing sorption capacity may be due to the change of the physical properties of the surface of carbonized fibers under influence of temperature and this can be seen from SEM, FT-IR, and EDX of carbonized fibers.
Carbonized fibers was applied in two forms; loose carbonized fibers and in the form of a pad containing carbonized fibers. For loose fibers, different factors were varied to study their effect on oil sorption capacity and water pick up including carbonized fibers sorption time, oil film thickness, weight, dripping time, reusability and soaking time.
Carbonization was found to improve the sorption capacity as it increases from 12.93 g oil! g straw to 17.31 g oil! g straw and from 12.23 g oil! g straw to 16.92 g oil! g straw and from 8.03 g oil! g straw to 12.21 g oil! g straw for seven days weathered Western Desert oil, one day weathered Western Desert oil and gas oil respectively.
Also the hydrophobic properties improved extremely by carbonization as it decreases from 12.12 g water! g raw rice straw to 0.63 g water! g carbonized straw in 168 hours. The best conditions were achieved for particle size of 0.5 02 mm with 5 mm oil film thickness. Also the reusability was improved by carbonization as carbonized fibers could be used 4 times before the sorption capacity decreases to 50% of the ls time. For the second form, pad containing carbonized fibers, different factors were varied to study their effect on oil sorption capacity and water pick up including sorption time, weight of sorbent, dripping time and reusability. The best conditions were at sorption time of 90 mm. The reusability could be also used 4 times before the sorption capacity decreases to 50% of the 15t time. Comparison between the uncompressed pads containing carbonized fibers and a number of commercially available oil spill sorbents was done. It was found that the prepared sorbent have higher sorption capacity of all commercial sorbents.