الفهرس 
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Abstract
In the present wOl’k we studIed the eCCect or
unilateral and bilat.eral nost.ril closure on the nasal and
mfddfe ear mucosa In experlment.al animais. ’l’he rat. was choosen
because or the slmilarlt.y of’ the drainac;e scheme 01’ t.he
rat middle ear to that or buman and because or the sl.rlkh.c;
similarity or the I’at. mucosa to t.hat or the human.
On the open sIde of’ the nose or the rats subjected
1.0 unilateral nasal obst.ructlon, squamous ,”el.aplasla,
vascular conl’;esllon and ciliary dest.ruct.ion were f’ound in a
more sic;nlrlcant. number or anImals than on the closed sIde.
These chanc;es were seen locallzed 1.0 I.he anl.erior parI. or
I.he nose.
On I.he closed side or I.he nose, I.here were no siC;ns
of’ epithelial damac;eas t.hose seen on the open side. There
were increased secretory actlvlt.y In the rorm 01’ Increased
subepIthelial c;lands and t;obiet cells, In addItIon t.o
Increased mucosal t.hlckness and t.hIs was seen In a more
sIr;nlCIcant number 01’ anImals on t.he closed than on t.he open
sIde 01’ t.he nose. The chanr;es 01’ t.he nasal mucosa on t.he
closed sIde were seen ant.erlorly as weHas posteriorly.
The chanC’:es or t.he nasal mucosa were not. const.ant..
The previously ment.ioned chanC’:es were mild af’t.er one week
and were more marked as t.ime went. by up t.o one 11’\0nt.h,t.hen
t.he chanC’:Etsbecame less marked a~ain.
”..
No chanC’:es or t.he middle ear mucosa were seen” in
t.he ears relat.ed t.o t.he open sides or t.he nose.
On t.he ears relat.ed t.o t.he closed side of” t.he nose,
af’t.er one week, no chan~es or t.he middle ear mucosa were
seen. Art.er 2 weeks 11.1% or animals showed vascular
dilat.at.ion and oedema or t.he middle ear mucosa and art.er one
mont.h 16.6% showed chan~es or t.he middle ear mucosa. Art.er 2
and 3 mont.hs, no chan~es or middle ear mucosa were seen.
In t.he animals subject.ed t.o bilat.eral nost.ril
closure, t.he chan~es of” t.he nasal mucosa were mild af”t.er 3
days and became more marked as t.ime went. by. There were
increased secret.ory act.ivlt.y of” t.he mucosa in t.he f”orm of”
increased ~oblet. cells and subepit.hellal ~lands.
The animals subject.ed t.o bilat.eral nost.ril closure
could not. wit.hst.and t.his obst.ruct.ion f”or a lon~ t.ime and
t.hey died wit.hin a period of” 3 t.o 9 days.On examination ot: t.he mIddle ear mucosa In animals
subJect.ed t.o bilat.eral nost.ril closure, no chanlt;es were seen
art.er 3 days. Arter 5 days, 2 out. of 8 animais showed
chan~es of the middle ear mucosa. Also 2 out ot: 8 animals
showed chanr;es of t.he middle ear mucosa aft.eI’ one week.
Af’Le r- 9 days, 2 out of 6 rats showed chan~es of t.he middle
ear mucosa. The chan~es of t.he middle ear mucosa were in t.he
form of
vascular
conr;estion
conr;est.ion,
and oedema aft.er 5 days. Aft.er 7 days
oedema and squamous met.aplasia were
seen. Aft.er 9 days heavy inflammat.ory cellular
infilt.erat.ion, vascular con~estion and mucoid fluid
accumulation appeared.
Pr-om t.his study it. can be concluded t.hat. abnormal
increase of airflow in t.he nasal cavit.y is followed by silt;ns
of dama~e of the
squamous met.aplasia
epit.helium as
and vascular.
ciliary dest.ruction wit.h
dilat.at.ion while abolishinlt;
airflow in t.he nose is followed by increase of secret.ory
act.lvit.y of t.he mucosa in the form of increased It;obiet. cells
and subepit.helial ~lands wit.h increased mucosal t.hickiness.
t.he ear mucosa Is
t.hat.
not.
a slc;nU-Icant. efTect.
demonst.r’a!.Jle durlnc;
on
It. can
middle
ve also concluded
unUat.eral rioes Lr-U
vent.lllat.loll of
closure t.hat. ImpaIr
t.he nasopharynx and
!.Jut. does not. abolIsh
t.he ext.enslon oC
Inf1anllllat.ory chanl;es of t.he mucosa seem InsuffIcIent. Lo
ellc1t. sIr;nificant. effect. on eust.achlan Lube funct.lon.
Dllat.er-al abollshlnr; oC vent.UIaUon of Lhe nose
has a sllC;hUy mor-e pronounced efTect. 011 U.e middle ear
mucosa t.han unllaLerai nosLrll closure pro•.a.•bly because in
addlt.lon Lo mucosal oedema, decreased oxYC;enand Increased
carbon dioxide In t.he nasopharynx may play a role.
’l’he chanl;es of t.he nasal mucosa foUowlnr; exposure
Lo all abnor’mal al;ent. aloe not. const.ant. It. seems LhaL t.he
mucosa t.ellds Lo become normal ar;aln afLer a cert.aln period
of exposure Lo an abnormal ac;ent..
from our result.s, we recommend t.he st.udy of t.he
effect. of unilat.eral nost.ril closure on t.he nasal mucosa in
cases of at.rophic rhinit.is-