الفهرس 
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Abstract
Sex determination is one of the most important steps in identification, especially in decomposed and incomplete corps. Many times in plains, trains and terrorism accidents the forensic anthropologist finds parts of human bodies not all the body.
It is difficult to find a complete skeleton, skull or pelvis in all cases to use for sex determination and thus the forensic anthropologists have to try to use other bones or bones remnant for sex determination, an example for these bones is the calcaneus bone which is a compact bone that is able to withstand high tensile forces.
This study included 204 x-ray films were done on left & right calcaneus, 104 males and 100 females, these films were taken in the forensic department of Minia for persons who sent by prosecution for forensic examination in various cases, their ages were ranged between 20-70 years old.
Six measurements were taken for every x-ray film of calcaneus 3 linear measurements (length, height and min. height) and 3 angular measurements (f. angle, t. angle and t.p. angle).
By using spss (a software statistical program) a student t-test and discriminant function analysis were done for the data obtained.
The results were that there is a significant difference between males and females in the linear measurements not in the angular ones.
Using the 3 linear measurements in the discriminant function analysis the accuracy in sex determination was 92.6% and it was 90.2% by using the length only, 81.2% by using the height only and 81.9% b y using the min. height.
This study revealed that calcaneus bone can be used for sex determination in decomposed or incomplete bodies.