الفهرس Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Considerable problem reduced human feeding as the important problems which had in Egypt . Cause under the condition of limited cultivated area , total production of the is not satisfying the demands of people requirements from cereals , legumes , oil , sugar and fiber as well as fodder crop for animal husbandry , have to come from this limited area for that reason , total production of all this crops has to be maximized per unit area .
There are many ways which can be used to reach to that aim , one of these methods , is crop intensification , such as intercropping for increasing land equivalent ratio and land unit productivity . In the recent years farmers had suffer from high costs of production and consequently the net income per unit area was reduced , for that they tended to interplant – some crops with the main crop to increase their income compared with solo crops .
Maize (Zea maysl,L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in Egypt and the world . Maize in the world rains the third crop surpassed only by wheat and rice . The production countries are listed orderly as follows : United states of America , China , Brazil , the Soviet union (former) , Romania , Yugoslavia (former) and South Africa Republic , according to statisties of the food Agriculture organization (F.A.O.) 1977 .
The maize as the first intercrop in Egypt for :
1- The area planting maize was largely .
2- It sowing system on one side of the ridge .
3- Because for it characterized them the Biologcole , Ecologcale , morphological and physiological compared with other crops can be cared out complementaly strategem for intercropping .
And therefore were intercropped the other crops such as soybean as oil crop no longer have a place for aself sufficiency of its production , due to competition of other summer crops cotton , maize and rice as a main crops almost area .
The present study was designed to find out the most effective row directions as principal factor control light duration , solar intensity and soil temperature ( Lehenbauar 1914 ) which can affect the growing generally , with some maize cultivars and intercropping patterns of soybean which characterized by undepth tap root , compound leaf with trifoliate and belong to C3 plant as secondary crop while maize which characterized by fibrous root , liner leaf and belong to C4 plants as main crop , for increasing total productivity per unit area in the same unit time.
The various aspects of plant population and spacing in intercropping are defined and it is recommended that , where possible , the ” confounding ” of these in experimental designs should be avoided . Evidence of the need for higher total populations than with sole crops is presented , it is suggested that these higher populations may be especially necessary where there are large temporal differences between component crops Willey and Soiree (1972) and Willey (1979) . Little evidence is available on the possible effects of the availability of nutrients and water on yield advantages and this is clearly an area needing further study .
Therefore the aime of this work to study the effect of sowing directions , maize cultivate and intercropping patterns on yield , yield components and some growth characters of maize and soybcon .