الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two filed experiments were conducted at Shandaweel Agricultural Research station, Agricultural Research Center, Sohag Governorate (Upper Egypt) in both successive growing winter seasons of 2006/2007and 2007/2008. Each experiment aimed to find out the effect of sowing methods, fertilization and some weed control treatments on wheat productivity. Wheat variety Giza 168 (Triticum aestivum L.) was sown in both seasons. The preceding summer crop was maize (Zea maize L.) in both seasons. A split-split-plot design was used and the arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized blocks design with three replicates was used. Sowing methods were allocated to the main plots, the fertilizer in the sub plots and weed control treatments in the sub-sub plots as follows: -
A-Main plots: Three sowing methods:
1. Afir drill with 15 cm apart rows.
2. Afir in furrows method with 60 cm apart ridge. Planting on double row sloping bed and the top of the ridge.
3. Afir braodcast.
B-Sub plots: four levels of nitrogen fertilizer :
1. 50 kg Nitrogen/fed.
2. 75 kg Nitrogen/fed.
3. Serialin (biofertilizer) + 50 kg Nitrogen/fed.
4. Serialin (biofertilizer) + 75 kg Nitrogen/fed.
C –Sub- sub plots: five weed control treatments :
1. Derby 17.5% SC at rate of 30 cc/fed.
2. Topik 15 % W P at rate of 140g/fed.
3. Derby 17.5% SC at rate of 30 cc/ fed + Topik 15 % W.P at rate of 140g/fed.
4. Hand weeding twice.
5. Un weeded (Control).
I-Associated weeds:
1. a. Dry weight of narrow- leaved weeds (g/m2):-
Sowing methods affected significantly on dry weight of narrow-leaved weeds at 75 and 105 DAS in both seasons. Afir in furrows and Afir drill methods gave the lowest values of dry weight of narrow- leaved weeds at 75 and 105 DAS in both seasons.
Fertilization affected significantly on dry weight of narrow-leaved weeds (g/m2) at 75 and 105 DAS in both seasons. The application of nitrogen levels at 75 kg N /fed. + Serialin, 75 kg N/fed and 50 kg N/fed. + Serialin increased significantly the dry weight of narrow- leaved weeds, as compared with 50 kg N/fed. in both seasons.
All weed control treatments gave a significant reduction on the dry weight of narrow-leaved weeds (g/m2) at 75 and 105 DAS in both seasons. The application of Topik at 140 g/fed., Derby +Topik and hand weeding twice gave the highest reduction on dry weight of narrow-leaved weeds (g/m2) at 75 and 105 DAS, compared with untreated plots, in both seasons.
1. b. Dry weight of broad- leaved weeds (g/m2):-
Sowing methods had a significant effect on dry weight of broad- leaved weeds at 75 and 105 DAS in both seasons. The lowest values for dry weight of broad-leaved weeds (g/m2) were obtained from Afir in furrows and Afir drill methods, as compared with Afir broadcast method in both seasons
Nitrogen levels with biofertilization increased significantly the dry weight of broad leaved weeds (g/m2) at 75 and 105 DAS in both seasons. The highest values of dry weight of broad leaved weeds obtained from nitrogen levels at 75 kg N/fed. + Serialin, in both seasons
All weed control treatments gave a significant effect on reducing the dry weight of broad-leaved weeds (g/m2) at 75 and 105 DAS in both seasons. The application of hand weeding twice, Derby and Derby + Topik gave the highest reduction on dry weight of broad- leaved weeds (g/m2) at 75 and 105 DAS, compared with unweeded treatment.
1. c. Dry weight of total annual weeds (g/m2):-
Sowing methods had a significant effect on dry weight of total annual weeds at 75 and 105 DAS in both seasons. Afir in furrows and Afir drill methods reduced the dry weight of total annual weeds at 75 and 105 DAS, compared with Afir broadcast method in both seasons
Nitrogen levels with biofertilization gave a significant effect on the dry weight of total annual weeds (g/m2) at 75 and 105 DAS in both seasons. Increasing nitrogen fertilization levels + inoculation with Serialin increased the dry weight of total annual weeds (g/m2) at 75 and 105 DAS. The application of nitrogen levels at 75 kg N/fed. + Serialin, 75 kg N/fed and 50 kg N/fed. + Serialin increased the dry weight of total annual weeds (g/m2) 75 and 105 DAS compared with 50 kg N/fed. in both seasons
All weed control treatments gave a significant reduction on dry weight of total annual weeds (g/m2) at 75 and 105 DAS in both seasons. The application of Derby, Topik, Derby + Topik, and hand weeding twice significantly decreased the dry weight of total annual weeds, at 75 and 105 DAS in both seasons compared to unweeded treatment.
II-Growth characters:-
1. Plant height (cm):
Sowing methods significantly affected plant height at 90 and 120 days after sowing in both seasons. Afir drill method gave the shortest plants, meanwhile, the tallest plants obtained from Afir broadcast and Afir in furrows methods in both season.
Nitrogen fertilization levels with biofertilization had significant effect on plant height at 90 and 120 DAS in both seasons. The application of 75 kg N/fed. + Serialin, 75 kg N/fed. and 50 kg N/fed.+ Serialin increased plant height compared with nitrogen at 50 kg N/fed.
All weed control treatments decreased significantly plant height at 90 and 120 days after sowing in both seasons. The tallest plants obtained from un weeded treatments, whereas the shortest plants obtained from Derby + Topik and hand weeding twice at 90 and 120 DAS
2. Flag leaf area (cm2):
It was cleared that sowing methods had significant effect on flag leaf area (cm2) at 90 and 120 DAS in both seasons. The highest values of flag leaf area were obtained from Afir in furrows and Afir drill methods. Whereas the lowest value of flag leaf area obtained from Afir broadcast method in both seasons.
Increasing nitrogen levels with inoculation of Serialin significantly increased flag leaf area (cm2) at 90 and 120 DAS in both seasons. The highest values of flag leaf area at 90 and 120 DAS obtained from the application of 75 kg N/fed.+ Serialin in both seasons. Meanwhile the lowest values of flag leaf area resulted from 50 kg N/fed., in both seasons.
Significant differences between on flag leaf area at 90 and 120 in both seasons due to the effect of weed control treatments in both seasons. The application of hand weeding twice, Derby + Topik and Topik gave the highest values of flag leaf area as compared with untreated plots in both seasons.
3. Dry weight of leaves (g/m2):
Sowing methods affected significantly on dry weight of leaves in the second season only at 90 and both seasons at 120 DAS. Afir drill and Afir in furrows methods gave the highest values of dry weight of leaves, compared with Afir broadcast method.
Nitrogen levels + Serialin affected significantly the dry weight of leaves at 90 and 120 DAS in both seasons. Dry weight of leaves increased gradually by increasing nitrogen level and inoculation with Serialin in both seasons.
The effect of chemical and mechanical weed control treatments on dry weight of leaves at 90 and 120 DAS was significant in both seasons. Weed control treatments could be arranged in ascending order with regard to their increasing effect in the following order: Topik, Derby + Topik and hand weeding twice, compared with untreated plots.
1. d. Dry weight of stems (g/m2):
Dry weight of stems significantly affected by sowing methods at 90 and 120 DAS in both seasons. The highest values of dry weight of stems obtained from Afir drill method at 90 and 120 DAS whereas the lowest value of dry weight of stems obtained from Afir in furrows method at 90 DAS in the first season and Afir broadcast method at 90 DAS in the second season and at 120 DAS in both seasons.
Nitrogen levels + inoculation by Serialin induced significant effect on dry weight of stems (g/m2) at 90 and 120 DAS in 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 seasons. Fertilization at 75 kg N/fed. + Serialin, 75 kg N/fed. and 50 kg N/fed.+ Serialin increased dry weight of stems (g/m2) in 2006/2007 season, compared with 50 kg N/fed.
All chemical and mechanical weed control treatments led to a significant increment on dry weight of stems (g/m2) at 90 and 120 DAS in both season. The application of hand weeding twice; Derby + Topik; and Topik increased dry weight of stems at 90 and 120 DAS as compared with unweeded treatment.
1. e. Total dry weight of plants (g/m2):
Data revealed that sowing methods significantly affected the total dry weight of plants (g/m2) at 90 and 120 DAS in both seasons. Afir drill method surpassed Afir in furrows and Afir broadcast methods on their effects in this trait in both season.
Concerning the effect of fertilization (nitrogen level + Serialin) on the dry weight of plants (g/m2) at 90 and 120 DAS the presented data revealed that significant effect on this trait in both season. Hence, 75 kg N/fed. + Serialin surpassed 50 kg N/fed., 50 kg N/fed.+ Serialin and 75 kg N/fed. in both seasons.
All studied weed control treatments significantly affected the dry weight of plants (g/m2) at 90 and 120 DAS in both season, as compared to weedy check. Hence, hand weeding twice, Derby + Topik and Topik increased the total dry weight of plants, compared with weedy check in both seasons
III- Yield and yield components:
1. Plant height (cm):
The results indicated clearly that the differences between sowing methods on plant height were significant in both seasons. The tallest plants were 106.98 and 107.40 cm, resulted from Afir broadcast, in the first and second season, respectively, whereas the shortest plants (105.5 and 105.06 cm) resulted from Afir drill in the first and second season, respectively.
The results showed that increasing N levels + inoculation increased plant height at harvest the application of 75 kg N/fed. + Serialin gave the maximum plant height 109.22 and 108.84 cm in the first and second season, respectively, whereas the shortest plants (105.5 and 105.06 cm) resulted from 50 kg N/fed. respectively, in the first and second season.
Concerning the effect of chemical and mechanical weed control treatments, data revealed that plant height were significantly affected in both seasons. Hand weeding twice, Derby + Topik, Topik and Derby increased plant height by 10.4, 10.2, 7.5 and 7.1 % respectively, compared to unweeded treatment in first season and 12.0, 11.3, 8.0 and 6.9 %, respectively, in the second season, compared to un weeded treatment.
2. Spike length(cm):
Sowing methods significantly affected spike length (cm) in both seasons. The greatest values of spike length (11.09 and 11.25 cm) resulted from Afir in furrows method in first and second seasons, respectively, meanwhile, the lowest value of this trait (10.55 and cm) obtained from Afir broadcast method in first and second seasons, respectively.
Data indicated that nitrogen levels + Serialin had a significant effect on spike length in first and second season. The application of 75 kg N/fed. + Serialin gave the greatest value of spike length (11.38 and 11.25 cm), in first and second season, respectively, compared with , 75 kg N/fed., 50 kg N/fed.+ Serialin and 50 kg N/fed.
The application of weed control treatments increased spike length significantly compared to unweeded treatment in both seasons. The highest values of spike length obtained from hand weeding twice, Derby +Topik, Topik and Derby treatments, their respective increasing percentages were 18.6, 17.6, 8.4 and 5.6%, respectively, compared with unweeded treatment in the first season., and by 12.9, 11.9, 6.3 and 3.9 %, respectively, in the second season, compared with un weeded treatment.
3. Number of spikletes/spike:
Obtained data revealed that sowing methods significantly affected the number of spikletes/spike in the first season only. Hence, Afir drill and Afir in furrows methods surpassed Afir broadcast method in their effect on this trait. The highest value of number of spikletes/spike (20.67) obtained from Afir drill method.
Nitrogen fertilization + inoculation by Serialin gave significant effect on number of spikletes/spike in 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 seasons. Number of spikletes/spike was increased under fertilization at 75 kg N/fed.+ Serialin, 75 kg N/fed. and 50 kg N/fed.+ Serialin by 4.1, 2.8 and 1.5 % respectively, compared to 50 kg N/fed. in the first season, and by 5.3, 3.1 and 2.0 % compared to 50 kg N/fed. . in the second season
All studied weed control treatments significantly affected number of spikletes/spike in both season, as compared to weedy check, in both seasons. The application of hand weeding twice, Derby + Topik, Topik and Derby gave significant increases percentages in number of spikletes/spike by 9.1, 8.3, 5.4 and 4.6% respectively, compared to unweeded treatment in the first season. and by 8.3, 8.2, 5.2 and 4.1 % respectively, in the second season, compared with un weeded treatment.
4. Spike weight (g):
Sowing methods significantly affected the spike weight (g) in both seasons. Afir in furrows method gave the highest value spike weight (3.06 and 3.01 g), respectively, in first and second season. Meanwhile Afir broadcast method gave the lowest values of spike weight (2.76 and 2.72 g/m2) in first and second season, respectively.
Fertilization (nitrogen levels + Serialin) gave significant effect on spike weight (g) in both seasons. 75 kg N/fed. + Serialin, 75 kg N/fed. and 50 kg N/fed.+ Serialin increased significantly spike weight. These treatments increased spike weight by 20.3, 14.2 and 9.2%, respectively, in first season and by 19.0, 10.3 and 7.2 %, at 75 kg N/fed. + Serialin, 75 kg N/fed. and 50 kg N/fed.+ Serialin ,respectively, in second season compared to 50 kg N/fed.
Chemical and mechanical weed control treatments significantly affected spike weight (g) in both seasons, as compared to weedy check. The application of hand weeding twice, Derby + Topik, Topik and Derby gave an increase in spike weight by 37.0, 33.7, 13.6 and 11.1 %, respectively, in 2006/2007 season. and by 43.8, 42.0, 13.6 and 11.1 %, respectively in the second season, compared with unweeded treatment
5. Number of grains/spike:
Sowing methods affected significantly on number of grains/spike in both seasons. Afir in furrows method significantly increased number of grains/spike 2.3 and 5.8 %, respectively, in the first season. and by 2.4 and 6.4 % , respectively, in the second seasons, as compared with Afir in furrows and Afir broadcast
Fertilization affected significantly on number of grains/spike in both seasons. In the first season, nitrogen level at 75 kg/fed. + Serialin, 75 kg/fed. and 50 kg/fed. + Serialin increased significantly the number of grains/spike by 12.0, 6.7 and 3.8 % respectively, as compared with 50 kg N/fed. In the second season the increment percentages were 17.6, 10.6 and 6.9 %, respectively, as compared with 50 kg N/fed.
All weed control treatments had significant effect on the number of grains/spike in both seasons. In the first season the application Derby, Topik, Derby + Topik. and hand weeding twice increased significantly the number of grains/spike by 13.4, 15.8, 29.1 and 32.0 %, respectively, as compared with untreated plots. In the second season the increment percentages of the number of grains/spike were 11.7, 15.8, 29.2 and 30.9 %, respectively, as compared with untreated plots.
6. Grain weight/ spike (g):
Regarding the effect of sowing methods on grain weight/ spike it was significant both seasons. Afir in furrows method produced the greatest values of grain weight/spike (2.12 and 1.93 g) in first and second seasons, respectively, compared with Afir in broadcast (1.89 and 1.79g) and Afir drill (1.97 and 1.88g), respectively, in first and second .
Nitrogen applications + Serialin affected significantly grain weight/ spike in both seasons. In the first season grain weight/ spike increased gradually by increasing nitrogen level and inoculation with Serialin. The increment percentages were 12.2, 7.7 and 4.5 % at 75 kg N/fed. + Serialin, respectively, compared with 50 kg N/fed., 50 kg/fed. + Serialin and 75 kg/fed. In the second season the increment percentages were 11.9, 7.7 and 4.2 % at 75 kg N/fed., respectively, compared with 50 kg N/fed., 50 kg/fed. + Serialin and 75 kg/fed.
Data showed that weed control treatments significantly increased grain weight (g)/spike in both seasons. The application of Derby, Topik, Derby + Topik and hand weeding twice increased grain weight/spike by 18.0, 21.1, 38.5 and 41.0% compared with untreated plots (1.61 g) in the first season. and by 22.5, 23.8, 42.9 and 43.5%, respectively, compared to un weeded treatment (1.47g).
7. Number of tillers/m2:
Data indicated that Afir drill and Afir in furrows methods significantly superior to Afir broadcast method in both season on their effect on number of tillers/m2, these methods increased number of tillers/m2 stems by 8.3 and 4.25%, respectively, in the first season. In the second season the superiority percentages were 6.6 and 3.7 % respectively compared to Afir broadcast method (397.3).
Fertilization (nitrogen levels + Serialin) gave a significant effect on the number of tillers/m2 in both seasons. Nitrogen level at 75 kg N/fed. + Serialin, 75 kg N/fed. and 50 kg N/fed.+ Serialin increased number of tillers/m2 by 13.9, 9.4 and 7.4%, respectively, in the first season and by 17.9, 12.17and 8.1%, respectively, in the second season, as compared to 50 kg N/fed. in the second season.
Regarding the effect of weed control treatments on number of tillers/m2 was significant in both seasons. The application of hand weeding twice, Derby + Topik, Topik and Derby increased significantly values of number of tillers/m2 by 54.1, 50.4, 34.4 and 29.6%, respectively, compared with weedy check in the first season. Whereas, in the second season the increment percentages were 64.3, 60.6, 36.8 and 31.6%, respectively, compared with weedy check.
8. Number of non fertile tillers/ m2:
Sowing methods affected significantly the number of non fertile tillers/ m2 in both seasons. Afir drill gave the lowest value of number of non fertile tillers/ m2 (41.97 and 41.8), respectively, in first and second season, meanwhile, the highest value of number of non fertile tillers/ m2 (51.93 and 49.55) resulted from Afir broadcast method, respectively, in first and second season.
Increasing N level + inoculation with Serialin significantly decreased the number of non fertile tillers/ m2 in 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 seasons. The application of 75 kg N/fed. + Serialin, 75 kg N/fed. and 50 kg N/fed.+ Serialin decreased the number of non fertile tillers by 26.5, 15.6 and 8.9% respectively, in the first season and by 32.8, 20.5 and 14.6 % In the second season compared to 50 kg N/fed.
All studied weed control treatments decreased significantly number of non fertile tillers/ m2, as compared to weedy check, in both seasons. The application of hand weeding twice, Derby + Topik, Topik and Derby gave significant decrement percentages on number of non fertile tillers/ m2 by 45.6, 43.8, 24.9 and 18.3% respectively, in the first season and by 45.9, 41.5, 31.4 and 23.6 % respectively, in the second season as compared with un weeded treatment (181.36 g/m2).
9. Number of spikes/m2:
Data showed that number of spikes/m2 significantly increased under Afir drill and Afir in furrows methods as compared with Afir broadcast method in both seasons. The highest means of spikes number/m2 was 405.6 and 381.75 produced from Afir drill method in the first and second season, respectively.
Concerning the fertilization treatments (N levels + inoculation with Serialin), results indicated that number of spikes /m2 was significantly affected by fertilization treatments in both seasons. The application of 75 kg N/fed. + Serialin, 75 kg N/fed. and 50 kg N/fed.+ Serialin increased number of spikes /m2 by 19.7, 13.2 and 9.9% respectively, as compared with 50 kg N/fed in the first season and by 26.6, 17.7 and 12.0 % respectively, compared with 50 kg N/fed. in the second season.
All weed control treatments significantly increased spikes number/m2, in both seasons. The application of hand weeding twice, Derby + Topik, Topik and Derby increased significantly number of spikes /m2 by 78.7, 73.6, 49.1 and 41.3%, respectively, compared with weedy check, in the first season and by 46.8, 55.7, 88.9 and 94.8%, respectively, compared with weedy check in the second season.
10. 1000-grain weight (g).
Data revealed that sowing methods had a significant effect on the mean values of 1000-grain weight in both seasons. Sowing wheat plants by Afir in furrows method gave the highest value of 1000-grain weight (43.94 and 43.50 g) in the first and second seasons, respectively.
Significant differences on weight of 1000-grain (g) were detected between fertilization treatments in both seasons. The application of 75 kg N/fed. + Serialin, 75 kg N/fed. and 50 kg N/fed.+ Serialin increased 1000-grain weight by 4.1, 3.2 and 1.5% respectively, compared with 50 kg N/fed. in the first season. and by 4.6, 2.3 and 1.5%, respectively, compared with 50 kg N/fed. in the second season.
Regarding the effect of weed control treatments on weight of 1000-grain (g), data cleared that weight of 1000-grain significantly affected by weed control treatments in the both season as compared to weedy check. The application of hand weeding twice, Derby + Topik and Topik increased 1000-grain weight by 11.4, 10.3 and 5.2 %, respectively, compared with unweeded treatment in the first season. and by 8.9, 8.6 and 1.9 %, respectively, compared with unweeded treatment in the second season.
11- Grain yield ardab/fed.:
Data indicated that Afir drill and Afir in furrows methods significantly superior to Afir broadcast method in both seasons on their effect grain yield ardab/fed. Hence, these methods increased grain yield by 6.5 and 3.7%, respectively, compared to Afir broadcast method (18.24 ardab/fed.) in the first season. In the second the superiority percentages were 11.0 and 6.7% respectively, compared to Afir broadcast method (16.39ardab/fed).
It was observed that the application nitrogen levels at 75 kg N/fed. + Serialin, 75 kg N/fed and 50 kg N/fed.+ Serialin gave the highest values of grain yield (19.9, 19.2 and 18.61 ardab/fed.), respectively compared to nitrogen level at 50 kg/fed (17.72 ardab/fed) in 2006/2007 season. In the second season the using of nitrogen levels 75 kg N/fed. + Serialin, 75 kg N/fed. and 50 kg N/fed.+ Serialin attained grain yield of 18.85, 17.61 and 17.17 (ardab/fed.), compared with nitrogen level at 50 kg/fed (15.78 ardab/fed.).
Regarding the effect of chemical and mechanical weed control treatments on grain yield ardab/fed, data cleared that grain yield significantly affected by weed control treatments in the both season as compared to weedy check. Hence, hand weeding twice, Derby + Topik, Topik and Derby gave an increase grain yield ardab/fed by 36.0, 34.6, 16.3 and 15.4 %, respectively, compared with unweeded treatment in the first season. In the second season the increment percentages due to the application of hand weeding twice, Derby + Topik, Topik and Derby were 12.4, 15.1, 27.4 and 28.2 %.
The highest values of grain yield 23.33 and 22.10 ardab/fed obtained from hand weeding twice under 75 kg N/fed.+ Serialin with Afir drill method in the first and second seasons respectively.
12- Straw yield (ton/fed.):
Sowing methods significantly affected straw yield ton/fed in both seasons. Afir drill gave the greatest value of straw yield (4.12 ton/fed), while the lowest value straw yield (3.96 and 4.68 ton/fed) obtained from Afir broadcast method in the first season and second season.
The effect of fertilization on straw yield (ton/fed.) was significant in both seasons. Straw yield (ton/fed.) increased significantly with increasing N Levels up to 75 kg N/fed. + inoculation with Serialin This treatments produced maximum values of straw yield 4.19 ton/fed in the first season, and 4.76 in the second season.
With regard to the effect of weed control treatments on straw yield (ton/fed.) it could be concluded that straw yield (ton/fed.) significantly affected in both seasons. Hand weeding twice produced the maximum straw yields of 4.61 and 5.19 ton/fed. in first and second season respectively. Appling hand weeding twice increased the straw yield ton/fed by 45.0% and 38.8% in both seasons, respectively, compared with un-weeded plots.
IV- Grain Quality:-
Protein Percentage:-
The results showed clearly that sowing methods significantly affected protein in wheat grains in both seasons. Afir drill method gave the highest value of grain protein% (12.33 and 12.31%), respectively, in first and second season. Meanwhile Afir broadcast method gave the lowest values of grain protein% (12.04 and 12.22%) in first and second season, respectively.
The results also revealed that fertilization had significant effect on protein % in both seasons. In 2007/2008 season, nitrogen level at 75 kg/fed + Serialin increased significantly protein % by 6.6, 7.7 and 12.37% compared with nitrogen levels at 75 kg N/fed., 50 kg N/fed. + Serialin and 50 kg N/fed., respectively, in the first season and by 7.0, 7.9 and 13.1%, compared with nitrogen levels at 75 kg N/fed., 50 kg N/fed. + Serialin and 50 kg N/fed., respectively, in the second season.
All studied weed control treatments significantly affected the grain protein %, as compared to weedy check, in both seasons. The application of hand weeding twice, Derby + Topik, Topik and Derby gave significant increases percentages in grain protein % by 14.2, 13.7, 9.7 and 8.0% respectively, compared to weedy check, in the first season and by 12.9, 12.3, 8.9 and 7.4, respectively, compared to unweeded treatment (11.24%) in second season.
V- Correlation analysis
Data presented in Table(33) indicated that grain yield ardab/fed. was positively and significantly correlated with number of grains/spike, 1000-grain weight, number of spikes/m2,Moreover, it was. negatively and significantly correlated with broad leaved weeds at 75 DAS, narrow leaved weeds at 75 DAS, total weeds at 75 DAS , broad leaved weeds at 105 DAS, narrow leaved weeds at 105 DAS and total weeds at 105 DAS in both seasons.
CONCLUSION:
From this study it could be concluded that sowing wheat plants by drill method, fertilizing by 75 kg N/fed. + inoculation with Serialin and control weeds by hand weeding twice or Derby 17.5% SC at rate of 30cc/fed. + Topik 15% WP at rate of 140 g/fed. to achieve the greatest income per area unit and decrease environmental pollution.