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Abstract
Magnesium , one of the essential trace elements , plays important roles in maintaining both normal cellular and body functions.The beneficial mechanisms of magnesium on brain damage are multimodal , having effects such as noncompetitve N-methyI-d-aspartate receptor blockade , inhibition of presynaptic excitatory neurotransmitter release, potentiation of presynaptic adenosine , blockade of voltage-gated calcium channels , suppression of cortical spreading depression and anoxic depolarization , potential as an antioxidant , and vascular smooth muscle relaxation.
Increased S100B levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum are related to reactive gliosis and astrocyte death.
Therefore , S100B has been used as a marker of glial damage in several neurological disorders.