الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A major means of protection of vegetable seeds from infestation during mge is by application of pesticides to the seeds at the time od storage. Since ;tSticides are directly applied to the seeds, they must be of low mammalian bxicity. The most popular seed and grain protectants are organophosphates and ~etic pyrethroids.
The organophosphate fenitrothion (O,o-dimethyl. 0-4-nitro-m-tolyl )hosphorothioate) and the synthetic pyrethroid fenvalerate ([RS]menoxybenzyl (RS)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate), as broad spectrum mecticides useful in horticulture, viticulture, forestry, control oflocust plagues,
ushold sprays and public health application.
The behaviour of surface and interval residues of fenitrothion and lellValerate in treated and stored field bean (Giza-402) and cowpea (Cream-7) reds under two different concentrations (2 and 4 ppm) were studied. The effect of ~th pesticides on chemical composition, total soluble reducing and non-reducing lIgars, protein content, trypsin inhibitor activity and bioactivity of stored seeds ere also investigated and the results were as follows:
1· The recovery percentages of each insecticide was not affected by the rate of application while the seed variety affected to some extent the efficiency of the insecticide recovery percentage, which ranged from 85.33 to 88.33% for cowpea and field bean treated with fenitrothion at the rate of application 4 ppm, while it was 86 to 88% for the same previous seeds treated with fenitrothion at the rate of application 2 ppm.
· Recovery percentage of fenvalerate from field bean and cowpea at the rate of application 2 ppm were 86, 85% while it was 87.66, 86% at the rate of application 4 ppm.
Residues of applied insecticides on/in stored seeds at the interval of times (0, 1, 3, 7, 15, 30,45,60,90, 120, 150 and 180) days were recorded, data recorded showed still quite higher residues at the the first intervals (0-45 days), than the longest periods (150-180 days), this is due to the breakdown of applied insecticides and the formation of metabolites.
Fenvalerate residues recorvered from both types of seeds revealed the high persistence of fenvalerate than fenitrothion were 14% offenvalerate residues were recovered from field bean at the end of storage period (180 days) compared to 8.5% offenitrothion residues at the rate of application (2 ppm).
The rate of application (4 ppm) affected to some extent the recovered residues from field bean, which showed a quite increase in residue percentage 17.5, 25.5% for fenitrothion and fenvalerate, respectively.
Total residue recovered from cowpea treated with fenitrothion and fenvalerate at the rate of application (2 ppm) were 9.5, 11.5%, while it was 12.5, 20% at the rate of application (4 ppm).
Chemical and elemental composition of field bean and cowpea were recovered and summarized.
Effect offenitrothion and fenvalerate on total soluble, reducing and non reducing sugars are recovered at the previous listed interval of times, which showed a detectable decrease in non reducing sugars ’accompanied with a detectable increase in reducing sugars. Recorded values for T.S, Red. and Non-red. sugars
of field bean at zero time were 6.1, 4.0 and 2.1 % compared to values of 5.85, 4.65 and 1.2% for the same seeds treated with fenitrothion (2 ppm) at the interval of time 180 days, while it was 5.83, 4.6 and 1.23% at the rate of application (4 ppm).
I, Effect of fenvalerate at the two rates of concentrations (1 and 4 ppm) on T.S, Red- and Non-red sugars were recorded as follows; 5.84,4.6, 1.24,5.8,4.7 and 1.10/0, respectively, showing no detectable variation depending on the type of applied insecticides.
O. Effect of fenitrothion ( 2 and 4 ppm) on T.S, Red- and Non-red sugars of cowpea were 6.5, 4.5, 2.0,6.65,4.50 and 2.15% compared to values of6.73, 3.78 and 3% at zero time of application .
.1. Effect offenvalerate (2 and 4 ppm) on T.S, Red- and Non-red sugars of cowpea were 6.54,4.70, 1.84,6.45,4.45 and 2%.
t Identification and determination of soluble sugar extracts by gas liquid chromatography were illustrated for untreated and treated seeds at the interval of time (180 days), relative retention time and relative percentage of individual sugars were summarized to show the effect of applied insecticides on soluble sugar extracts of seeds.
J, The effect of applied insecticides on total protein content of field bean and cowpea showed a gradual decrease in the protein content took place with the lapse of time, protein% at the end of storage period (180 days) were 87.5 and 86.9% for field bean treated with fenitrothion at the rate of application (2 and 4 ppm), respectively, while it was 92.5, 92% for the same seeds treated with fenvalerate at the rate of application (2 and 4 ppm) respectively.