الفهرس 
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Abstract
Minimal energy costs characterize an optimum energy management program.In the case of power produced from nuclear generating plants, nuclear fuel management plays a major role in optimizing total energy costs.
Because of the complexities generated from the collective requirements of economics, neutronics, materials and plant availability, the complete optimization of a refuelling, scheme for the entire reactor lifetime is unlikely to take the form of a simple formula or code. Therefore a global optimum solution could not be guaranteed, and a possible suboptimal solution had to be accepted.
In this thesis, an iterative approach was adopted as the most practical method to search for an.optimum fuel loading pattern in pressurized water reactors. A factor called loading quality factor was formulated to simulate the power distribu¬tion shape of a given, loading pattern. A maximum loading quality factor was chosen as the objective characteristic of the optimum loading.
A computer module INFUM employs a set of logical shuffling statements which utilizes the radial power shape and reacti¬vity position of each iteration to predict a shuffle for the succeeding iteration. Solution of two dimensional (2D) multi-group neutron diffusion equations using a finite element.