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Abstract
The pleural cavity , the space between the parietal and visceral pleura , contains a small amount of clear serous fluid .
The pleural fluid formation and drainage is a continous dynamic process through the parietal pleural lymphatic network.Pleural effusion occurs when the rate of filtration exceeds the rate of drainage of the pleural fluid.
Pleural effusion may be exudative or transudative according to protein level and LDH.
The exudative pleural effusion may be caused by tuberculosis , mailignancy , empyema and others , for example fungal , viral , acute lung rejection , SLE , RA, pancreatitis , etc , while transudative pleural effusion is caused by CHF, liver cirrhosis ,etc.
Pleural effusion evolves in the course of a variety of diseases .
It represents a common diagnostic task to the clinician.
A correct diagnosis of the underlying disease is essential to the rational management.
In some cases , a diagnosis may be established without difficulty .