الفهرس 
contents
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Abstract
Egypt ~s rather fort~L~ate ln having available phosphate rock. The population of ES;YTt lS incre asing V’d l’Y rapidly, and the additional population needs improved methods of agricul¬tural production. W.leans of increasing agricultural production may be divided into eJ~ending the Egyptian lands and increas¬~g agricultural efficiency and crop yields. It is already impossible to increase production solely by an enlargement of the Egypt ian lanc1 s • The only rn.e aus, the re f ore of incre as ing production is through increased efficiency and the use of fer¬tilizers. Only a sm81l proportion of the total qUDntity of phosphate rock mined anc1 marketed in EG’YPt is consumec1 direct•¬ly in a raw or wLprocessed state~ the vast bulk is chemically treated and converted into superphosphate fertilizer. The phosphate fertilizers industI’”’J is expe ctec1 to change rapidly m•the next ten years. Complex fertilizers based on phosphoric acid will probably continue to replace the lower analysis pro¬ducts, and concentrated fertilizers materials based also on phosphoric acid to offset increased manufacturing and transpor¬tation methods and to use phosphate in the form of multinutrient fertilizer rather than a single nutrient. Therefore, for Egypt 7 be ing a predominatly agricultural nation, the manufacture of fertilizers is vital and, within this industry, phosphoric acid is a major cormQodity.
The various processes for production of phosphoric acid may be classifiod either as thermal or wet processes. The most recovery of the phosphoric acid as such, for tho reason that the phosphoric acid could so far not be separate d from the aqua ous re action syste lll. This probla Iil has bee n re ce ntly over come by using solvent extraction for separation of the phos•¬phoric acid from the calcium chloride concurrently formed.
The theoretical part of the thesis begins with a general account on the Egyptian phosphate rocks; the ir occurrence, ge 0¬logy, mineralogy, and structure. This gives a comprehensive idea about the raw material on which the work of this thesis is experimented on. The properties of phosphoric acid are then given, followed by a brief study of the different methods of production of phosphoric acid from phosphate rocks, by the thermal method and by the wet method using different acidu~ants, followed by a study of the different processes suggested for the utilization of hydrochloric acid as an acidulant for phos¬phate rock and methods of separation of the resulting phospho¬ric acid from the dissolution liquor obtained, followed by a study of the the oretical basis of solvent extraction .. The the oretical part ends by a brief aCCOl.Ult on the different uses of phosphoric acid. The experlluental part begins with analys:i.s of the Sibaiya phosphate rock used throughout the work. A study is then made on the different factors affecting the dissolution of phosphate rock in l~drochloric acid. Phosphoric acid is recovered from the dissolution liquor obtained from acidulation of phosphate