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Abstract
This thesis comes under the title :” The Architectural and Artistic formation of the tombs of the Fifth Dynasty At Giza and their Effect on distributing the scenes in the parts of the tombs”.
The thesis has given attention to the study of the architectural and artistic aspect of the tombs of Giza, especially the tombs of the Fifth Dynasty because of the characteristics and things enjoyed by this period which made it distinctive from the other time and historical periods, as the kings of the old kingdom ( before the Fifth Dynasty) are the builders of the pyramids (one of the seven wonders of the Ancient world), whereas the kings of the Fifth Dynasty are the builders of the widespread famed solar temples, and the cult of the Sun God “ Re” prevailed at their time.
The Fifth Dynasty began with a strange story related by the great king Cheops to his sons that is known as “ Westcar Papyrus”. The choice of Giza as a subject for the research is due to its historical importance and its great reputation all over the world.
This study aims to:
Discovering how the diversification of the tomb’s architectural types affected the distribution of scenes inside it.
Discovering if the richness and luxury of the tomb’s owner himself affected the tomb’s architecture and construction which is considered his final resting place and how he considered its construction according to his capabilities.
Showing the differences between tombs of the Fifth Dynasty of the similar and different architectural types and different and similar chronology too.
Discovering if the activities and businesses of the tomb’s owner during his lifetime affected the distribution and division of scenes inside the tomb as the tomb is the only witness on the deceased life and achievements and it considered his final and eternal place.
Finding out the most king in the Fifth Dynasty to whom is attributed the largest number of discovered tombs.
o The researcher followed the method of presentation, recounting and comparison in his study and deducing the inferences which constitute the resume of the thesis.
The thesis is divided into three main parts after the preface which covers a simplification of what the study contains as a whole.
Then comes the introduction which talks about Giza and the Fifth Dynasty and the Sun-God in general. This is followed by the First Part “ the Architectural Aspect” which is divided into two chapters starting with architecture in Ancient Egypt, funerary architecture, and the architecture of the tombs of the Fifth Dynasty in particular.
The second subsection discusses the division of tombs in Giza into five parts:-
o Mastabas of the Western Field
o Mastabas of the Eastern Field
o The small Cemetery south of the Great Pyramid
o Mastabas and tombs to the East of the Second Pyramid.
o The rock-cut tombs and mastabas in the Cemetery of Mycrinus quarries.
After that comes the second chapter, a detailed explanation for all the architectural patterns of tombs in the Old Kingdom starting from the First Dynasty through the end of the Old Kingdom to the Sixth Dynasty.
Then comes the subsection related to the tombs, specifically of the Fifth Dynasty and a presentation for all those tombs numbered (421 tombs), their owners’ names, their types, and the discoveries ( if any) for each tomb separately.
Within the presentation there is a simplified analysis introduced by the researcher regarding attributing each tomb to the time of which king of the Fifth Dynasty and recognizing the king to whom the largest number of tombs is attributed through whether these tombs are actually dated by some writers, or dated by the researcher through vision and deduction for the discoveries excavated inside each tomb or through the names, titles, and reliefs in the tomb or through the architectural types of the tombs.
As for the Second Part, it makes a comparative study for samples of architectural patterns.
In the first chapter of which there is a comparison between four mastabas of the same architectural pattern with an indication for the difference between them in distributing the scenes.
The second chapter of this section also makes a comparative study, this time between two tombs of different patterns, with an indication of differences and similarities between them.
At the end of this section there is a simplified analysis introduced by the researcher regarding the two chapters or subsections.
The Third Part discusses the Artistic Aspect of the tombs. It is divided into two chapters each is divided into a number of subsections, the first of which talks about tomb decoration in Giza and the Old kingdom in general, then it deals with the techniques used by the artist and the art schools – types of tombs and reliefs – reliefs and sculpture in the Fifth Dynasty – tomb’s architecture – displayed scenes.
At the end of the third section comes the importance of tombs decoration and embellishment.
This is followed by the last part of the thesis
“ Conclusion “ which discusses a summary for what the study resulted in, that is, “ The Impact of the architectural and Artistic formation on the distribution of scenes in the parts of the tombs of the Fifth Dynasty.
This falls under a number of points and deductions reached by the researcher as an abstract and a summary for the thesis.
Finally there are lists of figures, plates and the bibliography .