الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Humoral immunity means the production of immunoglobulins by
special cells called plasma cells that are derived from Bvlymphocytes.
Its action is based on production of specific antibodies against
specific antigens via proliferation of B cells to produce plasma cells that
are able to produce different varities of immunogloblins, these
inununoglobulins are protein molecules that carry antibody activity. They
are Ig(G), Ig(M), Ig(A) Ig(E) Ig(D). These antibodies can bind to
bacterial or viral receptors prevnting them from binding to host cells.
Ig(G) is one type of immunoglobulins that is the dominant one in the
extracellular fluid, so its main function is the protection of tissue fluids
against toxins- viruses and Bacteria.
Ig(fv1)is another type of immunoglobulins that is found mainly in the
blood and so its main role is the protection of circulation against bacteria,
toxins and viruses.
Chronic non specific tonsillitis usually follows repeated attacks of
acute or subacute tonsillitis, it is common between 5-15 years. The best
treatment of chronic tonsillitis is tonsillectomy by dissection.
The aim of the present work is to study the possible changes in
humoral immunity (IgG-IgM) due to chronic tonsillitis and to study the
effect of tonsillectomy on these changes
The present study was carried out on 30 patients ranging from 5-15
years diagnosed clinically to have chronic tonsillitis, blood sample was
taken from each patient one week before operation and one month after
operation, serum was separated by centrifuge and serum levels of IgG and
IgM were estimated using single radial immunodiffusion plates.
The results obtained from this study revealed presence of
peroperative high serum levels of IgG and IgM, these levels decreased
postoperatively to become near nonnallevels.
The pre-operative high levels of Ig(G) can be explained by
presence of continuous stimulation to the immune system by the repeated
infection of palatine tonsil that leads to release of high levels oflg(G)
which usually increases later in the disease after repeated infections this
high levels decreased significantly after removal of the palatine tonsil
which was the source of stimulation and the body returned to its normal
state.
The pre-operative high levels of (IgM) may be explained as the
repeated infection put the palatine tonsil in a state of continuous subacute
infection that leads to continuous stimulation to the immune system with
increase in the levels of (IgM) that usually disappears earlier than IgG in
the disease.
The effect of chronic non specific tonsillitis on the general health
and the effect of tonsillectomy on the body health and on the general
immunity was studied by many researchers. It is a fact that chronic non
specific toni11itis acts as a septic focus in the body resulting in significant
health care costs and health hazards such as rheumatic heart diseases and
glomerulonephritis specially in children, also as reported by many
researchers chronic non specific tonsillitis acts as a continuous antigenic
stimulus for the immune system leading it to produce high levels of
immunoglobulins above nonnallevels specially Ig(G) and Ig(M) causing
disturbance in the action of the immune system.
from this study we can conclude that chronic non specific tonsillitis
acts as a continuous antigenic stimulus for the immune system causing it to
produce high levels of immunoglobulins specially Ig(G) and Ig(M) leading
to disturbance in the action of the immune system of the body, this
disturbance was corrected and the immune system returned to its normal
state after tonsillectomy.
Also we can conclude that tonsillectomy does not disturb the
immune system but as reported from the presentstudy tonsillectomy can
safe the body from some hazards of chronic septic focus and also can safe
the body from the disturbance that occured in its immune system due to the
effect of chronic tonsillitis, these results also can give us an idea that the
body can get a benefit from removal of the chronically inflammed tonsil.