الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 161 |  |  |
| | | from | 161 | | |
Abstract
bronic hepatsi B i a erious problem worldwide. Among
patients with active viral replication, cirrhosis will develop in 15 to 20%
within five year (Rosman e( al., 2007). For patient with cirrho is
acute exac rbation can OCCUI, the disease may progre s, and the
incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is greatly increased (701090% of
cases of hepatocellular carcinoma occur against a background of
cirrhosis. B cause of thesecomplications five-year survival rates may
be as low as ::% for patient ltimately, 40% of Asian men with
chronic h patitis B die of either complications of cirrhosis or
hepatocellular carcinoma (Liaw etal; 2004).
lth ugh heparin B viru infection is beli ved t be declining in
gypt since the 70’11 (Kahi!et al., 1990). yet still represent a major
public health problem and it is e timated that 400 million people
worldwid are chronically infected with hepariti B irus (HB\! with-
1_5 million hepatitis Bcarriers ill the U A, of which ]5% to 40% are at
ri k of developing serious sequelae including cirrho iis, hepatic
decompensation and h patocellular carcinoma (Bee). This risk is
e pecially high in tho e with high level of viral replication (Singh and
Refill, 2008).
The next be t alternative i Sl rained ’lppre sion of HE\
replication. Currently. ix therapeutic agent ’ ar . approved 10 treat HBV:
interferon-« (IFN~), pegylated I -cr 23 (pEG, lnmivudine, adefovir
dipivoxil, enrecavir and reloivudine. Three additional agent (renof ir.
Introduction
Heart failure is: common medical problem” it is the main cau e of
hospital admission ill elderly individuals and represents the commonest
diagnosis in cardiac patients. AD and its complications account for twothird
to three fourths in all case of HF. The progressive nature of HF
reflects the progressive nature of underlying AD (Andrews et al: 1997).
The term ischemic cardiomyopathy is used for the clinical
syndrome in which coronary artery diseases result in left ventricular
dysfunction and heart failure symptoms (Felker et al., 2002).
The restorationof coronary patency of non acute occluded coronary
arteries is associated with a small but significant improvement in regional and
global left enrricular function, e peciaily in patient ’.: irh recent occlu ion and
depres ed left ventricular Junction. In spite of significant effect 011 long term
patency, stenting of non acute coronary occlusion doesn’t result in significantly
better left ventricular function compared with balloon angiopla ty (DZUI,jk V.
et al., 1994).
Improvement In left ventricular fun tion after acute myocardial
infarction is linked to early lind sustained infarct artery patency (Lamas et al.,
J995J- Left ventricular function may also improve after revascularization of
non acute coronary occlusion {G”,.,ot et al; 1996).
Left ntricular function may improve after rex ascnlarization of
non acute coronary ocelu ion; however, the magnitude and consistency of
improvement in this setting are not well characterized (Pix,etti et al.