الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND AIM OF THE WORKOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 184 |  |  |
| | | from | 184 | | |
Abstract
Summary and conclusion
Studying the ability of midazolam, in its sedative doses, in attenuating the undesirable effects of ketamine, in its anesthetic dose.
From the results of this work, it was found that the use of ketamine-midazolam combination attenuates most of the undesirable effects of ketamine starting with the induction side effects, the combination of midazolam with ketamine, resulted in smooth, gradual and pleasant induction. There was no excitatory phenomenon observed as most of the patients were calm and quiet. Corneal and eyelash reflexes were lost with closure of eyelids. Also there was no abnormal movements observed and the tone of the jaw muscles was maintained.
As regards the cardiovascular system, it was found that that midazolam attenuated the cardio stimulatory effects which are often seen after ketamine anesthesia. With increasing the doze of midazolam there was no significant difference between the two groups.
As regards the respiratory system, respiratory rate was maintained within the normal physiological range and there were accepted changes in PH and blood gases values.
The best advantages of ketamine-midazolam seem to be the excellent anterograde amnesia, because even the patients who had emergence delirium and dreaming, after complete recovery, they did not remember any thing about these reactions and dreams. Increasing the dose of midazolam markedly decreased the incidence of post anesthetic emergence reactions from 20% in group I to 10% in group II.
In conclusion: the use of ketamine-midazolam combination as a total I.V. anesthesia in the minor surgical operation was effective, simple and safe technique and resulted in attenuation of the undesirable effects of ketamine starting with excitatory phenomenon during induction, cardio stimulatory effects and lastly the post anesthetic emergence reaction. In addition rapid recovery provides another advantage to this combination.