الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND AIM OF THE WORKOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Aim of the work
To study the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in a control group and to study the effect of different drugs which act with different mechanisms of action in attenuation of these responses. These drugs include the use of intravenous lidocaine, fentanyl and esmolol to study which drug can cause better control of hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation with least side effects.
Conclusion
We conclude that thiopentone and succinylcholine as a method of anesthesia are not enough to abolish or attenuate the hemodynamic response that accompanies laryngoscopy and intubation. Lidocaine 1.5mg/kg intravenously is not the drug of choice in attenuation of hemodynamic changes following laryngoscopy and intubation. Fentanyl 150ug intravenously, effectively attenuate blood response and to a lesser extent heart rate and rate pressure product. While esmolol 150mg intravenously attenuate heart rate and rate pressure product more than blood pressures, so, it is the drug of choice for attenuation of hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation when used alone.
We recommend the use of both fentanyl at low dose (2ug/kg) and esmolol 150mg before endotracheal intubation. This may be the best method to control the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.