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Abstract
The velopharynx is a tridimensional muscular value located between the oral and nasal cavity, consisting basically of the lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls and the soft palate, and controls the passage of air. The velopharyngeal dysfunction may take place when this valve is unable to perform its own closing, due to lack of tissue (velopharyngeal insufficiency) or even lack of proper movement (velopharyngeal incompetence)
The etiology of velopharyngeal dysfunction can be divided into four broad categories; anatomical deficiency, myoneural deficiency, anatomical and myoneural deficiency, and neither anatomical nor myoneural deficiency
Although a dysfunction velopharyngeal impairs separation of the nasal and oral cavities during swallowing and specific and consonant articulations, the upper airway is only impaired iatrogenically, from interventions to remedy Velopharyngeal Dysfunction (VPD). The challenge is to improve functional naso-oral separation without compromising the upper airway
Effective management of VPD requires both recognition of the condition and definition of the responsible pathoetiology.The velopharyngeal dysfunction may be treated through surgery, prosthesis, speech therapy, or a combination of them.
In conclusion, the type of operation used for treatment of velopharyngeal dysfunction is determined according to the cause of velopharyngeal dysfunction and the preoperative assessment including
the nasoendoscopic examination determines the pattern of closure of the velopharyngeal valve.