الفهرس 
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Abstract
As an approach to treat malignant and nonmalignant disorders, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), has been around for more than 50 years. The earliest work was done in animal models in the mid 1950s. In the 1960s, the first few cases of successful use of HSCT in the treatment of congenital immunodeficiency disorders and end-stage leukemia were reported. Subsequent research focused on designing conditioning regimens, decreasing transplantation-related morbidity and mortality, improving survival and our understanding of the immune mechanisms associated with both the adverse effects and the antitumoral effects of the transplanted graft.
Stem cell transplantation was pioneered using bone-marrow-derived stem cells by a team at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center from the 1950s through the 1970s led by E. Donnall Thomas, whose work was later recognized with a Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. Thomas’ work showed that bone marrow cells infused intravenously could repopulate the bone marrow and produce new blood cells. His work also reduced the likelihood of developing a life-threatening complication called graft-versus-host disease.
• During this essay focus will be on the following:
• Physiology of stem cells.
• Technique of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
• Role of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in various haematologic malignancies.
• Possible complications and how to manage.
• Recent advances in this field.