الفهرس 
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Abstract
The current study was carried out in three stages:
The first stage: Recording both total and dissolved concentrations of Zn, Pb, Ni and Cd for
Industrial Region and Suez Canal University Wastewaters in Ismailia govemorate, from
11112004 to 31/12/2004.
The second stage: (Bench scale study): This experiment was carried out in four tests as
follows:
Test 1 (preliminary experiment). Removal of studied heavy metals by some adsorbents like:
I kaolin, hematite, iron ore, Maghara coal, shale 1, shale 11, Gaser EI- Suez shale, clayey soil,
limestone and activated sludge) using synthetic wastewaters.
Test 2 (removal process of studied heavy metals), by using the more effective adsorbents in
the test I to investigate the effect of initial dose and temperature effects, retention time and
then, studying the kinetics modules to meaningful the fitness models under these conditions
and initial concentrations of studied metals and then, studying the mode ling of adsorption
isotherm (Freundlich, Langmuir and D- R modules).
Test 3 (effect of pH factor in removal process), via achievement the optimum conditions in
precipitation process for all metals in synthetic wastewater. The treatments of this test divided
into two treatments (slaked lime treatments and slaked lime + elemental sulfur treatments).
Test 4 (the precipitation process), effect of pH values on removal efficiency of studied
heavy metals in actual wastewater (SCUW).
The Third Stage: The pilot scale study was carried out on SCUW Treatment Plant. The
treatments in which were selected according to the results of previous bench scale study
which are precipitation process by using slaked lime and agricultural sulfur, sorption process
by using limestone and sorption process by using the two kinds of shale.
The data showed:
-The concentrations of studied heavy metals (Industrial wastewater and SCUW) exceed over
the permissible limits of these metals in irrigation water and the discharge on the sewers
system.
- Test 1 showed the best adsorbents are shale 1, shale 11, clayey soil, limestone, activated
sludge, -The second order and Freundlich isotherm are fit for all treatments under these
conditions. -The addition of slaked lime to wastewaters able to achieve extremely degrees of
the removal, but addition of sulfur improves the characteristics of precipitates.
- The optimum pH for achievement the highly degrees of metals removal was 9 for
two kinds of waste waters.
-For the pilot scale study for each treatment with limestone and the two kinds of shale
achieved the highly degrees of removal for all metals under the study.
-XRD and SEM with EDX analyses were carried out for the best raw adsorbents and the some
resides of its after accomplishment of selected treatments.
Key words: wastewaters, heavy metals, adsorption, precipitation, clays, limestone, slaked.