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Abstract
Gator Lake is one of the features of wildlife in general and in Egypt, the Suez Canal Zone in particular. This has been a large part of this study in the Lake District crocodile, in this study was finding concentrations of some pesticides used in pest control operations in the tissues of some organisms, non-targeted control and ranging within the food chain, such as some types of algae spread in the channel and some types of crustaceans and fish Finally, some wild birds. It is known that the lake is one of the most important areas that harbor many species of migratory birds during their journey through the winter from Europe to Africa, where it spent the winter in order to avoid the winter cold in Europe.
* Steps the study was divided into two experiments:
1 - Field experience: which included the collection of bird-month and most important in the region and around the lake:
* Domestic birds that have been compiled: * migratory birds that have been compiled:
- Cattle egret - Nawras blackhead
- Vanity - cranes
- Moorhen - Sea Raven
- Ducks Alhurcer - Albkashen Almzrkc
Were collected some samples of algae and fish Nile tilapia and mullet, shrimp and Alkporia of lake water samples representative of the food chain.
2 - Laboratory experiment: The study involving some toxicity testing and assessment of some biochemical characteristics of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the lab.
Biochemical characteristics that were considered by:
- The total content of protein in the muscles.
- The total content of protein in the blood serum.
- A change in the protein patterns.
- The total content of glutathione.
- The activity of the enzyme acetylcholine inhibitor.
Key findings of the study:
The results showed the following:
1 - The presence of concentrations of some pesticides Alkrunip in the tissues of many birds that have been studied, and are compounds (DDE, Heptachlore, HCH, Dicofol)
2 - The lack of any effect of the pesticide DDT, which indicates that the disappearance of this compound to a large extent from the environment of the lake.
3 - The presence of relatively high concentrations of compounds in the Alkrunip in the sea and the birds, chickens and birds footed gull may be attributed to elevated lipids or the result of the dietary habits of these birds or different age or sex.
4 - The presence of concentrations of phosphorus compounds represented by the installers and malathion Aldeaznon in many of the birds in question. However, phosphorous concentrations of these compounds was low in all samples of fish, crustaceans and algae.
5 - the maximum concentration of pesticide residues in the College seabirds subject of the study was in the water birds, chickens, gulls and sea crow.
6 - The presence of high concentrations of compounds in the Alkrunip in the tissues of algae and crustaceans (crabs) and mullet and tissues while some birds can detect these compounds in water samples collected from the lake.
7 - crustaceans are the most significant objects capacity to the conditions and the level of pollution the lake water, followed by zooplankton.
8 - pollutants have the ability to move through the food chain, which leads to inflation, the concentrations of these pollutants in the existing objects on top of the food chain, but this part of the study still needs further studies to complete.
Due to the extreme toxicity of organophosphorous compounds and discovery of its presence in the samples under study in the lake, and due to the severe toxicity of Diazinon Aldeaznon compound has been used to study the biochemical effect on the tilapia and the fish are most common in Egypt. The main outcome of this segment are as follows:
Laboratory results of the study:
1 - as much as half lethal concentration LC50 after 96 hours of exposure to a pesticide concentration of 2.8 ppm (mg / L).
2 - fish exposed to a pesticide in a period of 96 hours to high concentrations of 200, 10, 5 ppm resulted in injury to fish movements, neurological problems and tried to fish Alagafz from the basin of water and / or stay near the surface and swallow air and then the death of fish. And fish exposed to concentrations less than the average lethal concentration for a month did not lead to the appearance of abnormal movements in swimming or breathing, but it has led to change the color of the skin and the appearance of halos around the black eye after two weeks of exposure to a pesticide and did not show any deaths.
3 - exposure of fish to lower concentrations of the LC-half LC33.5 (1.87) and LC10 (0.28) ppm for one month led to:
(A) decrease in muscle protein content by 13.69% and 21.5% when exposed to a concentration of (0.28) and (1.87) ppm, respectively.
(B) reduced the protein content of blood serum by 22.23% and 24.32% when exposed to concentration of (0.28) and (1.87) ppm, respectively.
(C) the emergence of proteins with molecular weight (92.4) and (61.16) and (25) kDa in muscle tissue, when exposed to a concentration of (0.28) ppm. And the emergence of proteins with molecular weight (92.4), and (25) kDa in muscle tissue when subjected to concentration (1.87) ppm. And disappearance of proteins with molecular weight (52.27) and (6.8) kDa in muscle tissue, when exposed to a concentration of (0.28) and (1.87) ppm. And a decrease in the level of Albrocbnat molecular weight (33.5) and (31.72) and (24.31) and (20.8) when exposed to a concentration of (0.28) and (1.87) ppm, respectively.
(D) lower content of liver glutathione (GSH) increased by 58.88% and 37.93% when exposed to a concentration of (0.28) and (1.87) ppm, respectively.
(E) low level of activity of the enzyme inhibitor acetylcholine AChE)) by 29.88% and 36.59% when exposed to concentration of (0.28) and (1.87) ppm, respectively.
4 - survival of the fish exposed to (0.28) and (1.87) ppm for 7 days in water free from pesticide-refundable healthy (Recovery) led to:
(A) The high protein content of muscle to the proportion of 95.59% and 90.58% of the rate prior to exposure to concentration of (0.28) and (1.87) ppm, respectively.
(B) The high protein content of blood serum to the proportion of 89.36% and 95.14% of the rate prior to exposure to concentration of (0.28) and (1.87) ppm, respectively.
(C) the disappearance of non-protein molecular weight (92.4) and (61.16 (f) 25) kDa in muscle tissue after it is removed from the concentration of (0.28) ppm, but a decline in the rate only. And not to the disappearance of protein molecular weight (92.4) and (25) kDa in muscle tissue after it is removed from the concentration of (0.28) ppm, but a decline in the rate only. Non-appearance of protein molecular weight (52.27) and (6.8) kDa in the muscle tissue, when exposed to a concentration of (0.28) and (1.87) ppm. And a slight rise in the level of some other proteins after removal of the focus (0.28) and (1.87) ppm.
(D) increase the content of the liver glutathione GSH ratio to 60.93% and 62.54% of the rate prior to exposure to concentration of (0.28) and (1.87) ppm, respectively.
(E) increase the activity of AChE inhibition as high as 77.63% and 81.97% of the rate prior to exposure to concentration of (0.28) and (1.87) ppm, respectively.
The study recommends the importance of good management to maintain the ecosystem in Lake Gator risks of various pollutants in order to preserve human health and the environment.