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Abstract
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Chemical pesticides have harmful effects on agricultural crops. The resistance problem has taken place, beside residue contamination of human foods, mammalian toxicity and pollution of the environment. Many plant extracts were found to be toxic and repellent which use as alternative safe and cheap methods for pest control.
1. Laboratory study
1.1. Ovicidal action
The ovicidal action of the tested plant extracts varied considerably Anthemis pseudocotula extract was the most potent ovicide tested followed descending by Fagonia arabica extract and Vertimec as pesticide. The values of LC50 for those plant extracts were 15.77, 23.49 and 0.0087 %, respectively.
1.2. Adulticidal action
The toxic action of plant extracts to adult females of T. urticae showed that Fagonia arabica extract was the most effective at the LC50 and LC90 level were 4.59 % and 31.46 %, respectively. While 5.54 % and 35.26 % for Anthemis pseudocotula extract, respectively. In Vertimec were 0.0046 % and 0.012 %, respectively.
When used plant extracts with 10 % conc.-1/16 from recommended concentration of biological pesticide (Vertimec). The mortality percentage for Anthemis pseudocotula extract-Vertimec mixture 74.42 % and 78.57 % for Fagonia arabica extract-Vertimec mixture.
1.3. The repellent effect of three plant extracts on adult females of T. urticae
The study included the effect of 3 different concentrations the obtained results revealed that Fagonia arabica extract was the best material in repellency followed Anthemis pseudocotula extract and Salix alba extract. The repellency percentages were 56.25 %, 47.5 % and 38.75 % at 20 % concentration while the percentages decreased with the reducing in the concentration that 43.75 %, 33.75 % and 25 % at 10 % concentration, respectively. While in 5 % concentration was 20 %, 15 % and 16.25 %, respectively.