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Abstract
Summary and conclusion
The association among malignancies, the immunocompromised host and infectious morbidity and mortality are well established. Infections are the most common cause of early morbidity and mortality. In approximately ,70 % of patients with cancer in general and those with haematological malignancies in particular.
The patients with haematological malignancies and those undergoing autologus bone marrow transplantation are immunocompromised either as a part of disease process or as consequence of chemotherapy. Broadly defined, an immunocompromised host has an alteration in phagocytic, cellular or humoral immunity that increases the risk of an infectious complication or an apportunistic process
As a rule a variety of host defense defect will ocurr in patients with haematological malignancies undergoing chemotherapy that will predispose them to infection.
1- Integumentary and mucosal barrier
2- Neutropenia
3- Deficient immunoglobulin production
4- Defects in cellular immunity
5- Splenectomy
6- Malnutrition
7- Implanted vascular catheters
8- Exogenous and endogenous microbial flora
9- Interface of colonization and infection
Neutropenia remain the major defect for many patients and therefore continues to severe as a model system for dealing with infection in patients who are immunocompromised. Neutropenia defined when absolute neutrophil count dropped below 500-1000 µL. the longer the duration of neutropenia and the more the rapid the decline in white cells, the greater the incidence of infection. In addition to neutropenia severe alteration in either humoral or cellular immunity can lead to life threatening infection