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Abstract
The Cenomanian and Turonian sequence is studied in three sections (El Giddi Pass, Gebel Tawal and Gebel Shabrawet). El Giddi Pass and Gebel Tawal sections are subdivided lithologically into Galala Formation (Late Cenomanian), Abu Qada Formation (Late Cenomanian-Early Turonian), Buttum Formation (Middle Turonian) and Wata Formation (Late Turonian). The Wata Formation is topped by Themed Formation (Coniacian-Santonian). In Gebel Shabrawet section the Cenomanian and Turonian sequence is subdivided into Galala Formation (Late Cenomanian) and Maghra El Hadida Formation (Turonian-Santonian?). Based on the identified ammonites, five ammonite biozones are recognized in the studied sections. The Cenomanian-Turonian boundary placed at the base of Pseudaspidoceras flexuosum Zone (Early Turonian).
One hundred and six macro-invertebrates species are collected and systematically described from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian and Turonian) sequences of the studied sections. Bivalves (53 species), gastropods (28 species) and echinoids (13 species) dominate them, respectively. Ammonites (8 species), coralline sponge (2 species) and corals (2 species) are of sporadic occurrence. The majority of the identified species were collected from the Cenomanian rocks of the Galala Formation. The biostratigraphic ranges and geographic distribution of the studied fauna along with their paleoecologic conditions are discussed. Oysters, rudists, nerineas, coralline sponges and Chondrodonta are the major Tethyan elements in the studied Cenomanian and Turonian fossil assemblages. They are commonly associated with the Rudist-coralline sponge-coral buildups those developed within the Upper Cenomanian and Upper Turonian sequences of the studied sections.