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Abstract
Congenital heart disease
Congenital heart disease is one of the most common inborn defects, occurring in approximately 0.8% of newborn infants (1). It is the commonest form of congenital disease and accounts for approximately 30% of the total burden of congenital disease. With a decline in the incidence of rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease has become the main cause of heart disease in children in the developing world; 10-15% of affected children have associated congenital anomalies of the skeletal, genitourinary or gastrointestinal systems. Nine lesions comprise more than 80% of congenital heart disease while a wide range of more unusual and complex lesions comprise the remainder(2). The most common malformation is ventricular septal defect which accounts for approximately 35% of congenital heart defects. The majority of these structural abnormalities occur as isolated cardiac defects, 20% of patients with congenital heart defects, however, have more than one cardiac defect, for example a ventricular septal defect with a patent ductus arteriosus(3).