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Abstract
Obesity represents one of the most serious global health issues. The prevalence of obesity has increased at an alarming rate over the past two decades to the extent that it could be considered as a pandemic. Over 300 million adults worldwide are obese. A cascade of diseases follows from overnutrition, inactivity, and obesity, including major killers such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. These chronic diseases were once the worry of the developed world but are now a chief health concern in developing countries.
The onset and development of obesity result from the combined effects of excessive caloric consumption and insufficient energy out put, as well as a genetic predisposition. A number of candidate genes have been proposed, in association with environmental factors, to the development of obesity. Amongst these candidate genes are the beta adrenoceptor genes, since they play an important role in the promotion of lipolysis in human adipose tissue in vivo.
The adrenergic receptors regulate adipose tissue development, energy expenditure, and resting metabolic rate. The beta-2 -adrenergic receptors (β2-AR), in particular, stimulate lipolysis in human adipose tissues and, thus, may play an important role in the development of obesity.
The aim of the present study was to look into the possible association between Gln27Glu β-2 adrenoceptor gene polymorphism and obesity among Egyptian population, to detect the frequency of Gln27Glu β-2 adrenoceptor gene polymorphism in obese and non-obese adults and to investigate the possible association between Gln27Glu β-2 adrenoceptor gene polymorphism among obese and different life style patterns.
The study was conducted during the year 2006-2007 using a case-control approach on 100 adults aged between 20-55 years of whom 50 were obese with a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 and over and 50 individuals were normal weight adults (BMI between 18.5 – 24.9 kg/ m2) matched in age and sex.
Data was collected from all the studied sample using a prestructured interviewing questionnaire concerning sociodemographic characteristics, family history, food habits, dietary intake and physical activity level. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height and body fat percentage were taken as well as determination of the genotype at codon 27 of human β2 adrenoceptor gene by PCR amplification followed by digestion of the PCR product using the restriction enzyme Ita1.
The collected data was fed to the computer for tabulation and analysis. Anthropometric data was presented in the form of mean and standard deviation. Dietary intake data was presented as mean and standard deviation of intake of energy and macronutrients. All statistical analyses were performed using 5% level of significance. The following tests of significance were used in the study: Chi square (χ2) test, Monte Carlo Probability (MCP), Fisher’s Exact Probability (FEP), and t-test. Mean age of the non-obese adults was 31.62±6.68 and of the obese adults was 32.92±7.31. Both case and control groups included 43 women and 7 men