الفهرس 
LITERATURE REVIEWOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Unreinforced masonry (URM) structures constitute a considerable portion of the current buildings inventory in Egypt. Many of these buildings are of historic and cultural significance. URM walls exhibit poor seismic performance under moderate and high seismic demand. The traditional retrofitting techniques are excessively disruptive to use and occupancy, visually intrusive or too cost prohibitive for practical application. Therefore, the development of effective and affordable techniques for the retrofitting of URM walls is an urgent need. br This study was carried out to develop and examine an innovative FRP rehabilitation technique. This technique is referred to as Near Surface Mounted (NSM) Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRP), where locally produced GFRP ropes embedded in mortar filled grooves formed in the masonry joints are used as superficial reinforcement. This method has the advantage of low installation cost and effort and possible use with minimal surface intervention which make it convenient technique that can be used for old and historical masonry buildings. br The subsequent study involves three main phases. The first phase studies the bond behavior of GFRP and masonry using the NSM technique where pullout bending test under monotonic static loading condition was carried out on sixty specially developed test specimens. Parameters such as bonded length, types of bonding material, and exposure condition were investigated. The test results showed that the use of masonry mortar or polymer modified masonry mortar for anchoring the FRP to the masonry is recommended to balance between the anchoring ability and compatibility with the parent materials. Based on the experimental results, an analytical expression was proposed to compute the anchorage length of the NSM FRP braided bars using different bonding materials with the masonry.