الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of intrathecal morphine regarding postoperative pain relief and fast track extubation in open heart surgery.
Conclusion:
This study confirms the safety and efficacy of the fast-track recovery protocol in patients undergoing open cardiac surgery. Fast track protocol in patients between 15 and 65 years old is a suitable technique. This protocol is successfully used by selecting the suitable patients and following the patients carefully in the postoperative period.
The use of intrathecal morphine (ITM) with a target controlled infusion of propofol satisfies the goals of fast-track cardiac surgery and intrathecal morphine provides effective and safe analgesia after cardiac surgery.
The introduction of ”fast-track” management into cardiac surgery with ITM has significantly shortened the time of extubation and the ICU length of stay.
The use of 5ug/kg or 10ug/kg ITM significantly improved the homodynamic state and the respiratory function during fast track cardiac surgery and the early extubation can be achieved following cardiac surgery without major complications, also the incidence of PONV is relatively low after FTCA with ITM and does not prolong ICU stay. Prophylactic administration of anti-emetic drugs before FTCA may not be necessary.