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Abstract
Marxist literary theory is a theory of literature which is
mainly based on Marx social and political theory. In other
words, Marxist literary theory applies its social principles to
the study of cultural practices. Earlier Marxist critic thought that
the economic practice is the base which determines the
superstructure practices; such as law and literature. More
sophisticated Marxists refused this reflection model and called for
a degree of independence for superstructure elements.
So Marxism’s central problem is to define the precise nature
of the relationship between the base and the superstructure; to
what extent and by what means the base determines the elements
of the superstructure. Ideology is a notion which Marxists used as
a midway process between the base and the superstructure; it is a
controversial term which has a variety of meanings. The French
philosopher Louis Althusser provided a multi-dimension vision
of the term, his theory of ideology represents a step forward in
Marxist literary criticism. Althusser’s view of ideology and ISAs
encouraged modern Marxist critics , like Terry Eagleton and
Pierre Macherey , to examine their Marxist views , and to
determine the role of the Marxist critic.
The main emphasis of this thesis is the contribution of Louis
Althusser, Pierre Macherey and Terry Eagleton to the Marxist
literary theory, based on their views of the relationship between
literature, ideology and society, and the function of criticism in
determining such a relation. This thesis is divided into three
chapters : chapter one introduces the basis of Marxist literary
theory and Althusser theory of ideology , chapter two examines
the relationship between ideology and literature , and chapter
three represents a study of their views of the role of criticism.