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Abstract
A total of 244 calves from 4 dairy farms in Beheira Governorate were examined, diarrhoea was detected in 83 calves (34%). Out of 83 diarrheic calves, 23 calves (39.75%) were alert, suckle normally and showed mild diarrhoea, while 50 calves (61.25%) showed severe diarrhoea, dehydration depression and stopped suckling.
50 faecal samples were collected from severely diarrheic calves and subjected to bacteriological, virological and parasitological examination, E. coli, Salmonella species, Proteus species, Shigella species, Providencia species, rotavirus and Cryptosporidium parvum were detected in 76%, 16%, 8%, 6%., 8%., 28% and 22% of samples respectively.
Mixed infection was observed in most samples as 6% of samples were infected with Cryptosporidium parvum, rotavirus and E. Coli, 2% of samples were infected by Cryptosporidium parvum, rotavirus and salmonella species, 10% of samples were infected with E. coli and Cryptosporidium parvum, 10% of samples were infected with E. coli and rotavirus, and 6% of samples were infected with Salmonella species and rotavirus.
Rotavirus was detected in 22% of samples by ELISA and in 28% of samples by nested RT-PCR. Sensitivity and specificity of nested RT-PCR versus that of ELISA was found to be 100% and 92.3% respectively.
Cryptosporidium parvum was detected in 14%, 8%, 22% and 16% of samples by modified zheil nelsen (MZN), direct method, ELISA and PCR respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of direct method, ELISA and PCR compared to MZN were 57%, 100%; 100%, 90.7% and 100%, 97.6% respectively.
A total of 90 diarrheic newly born calves were divided into 3 groups, 30 calves in each, the 1st group was treated with roemin w2 20 gm/calf orally daily for 3 consecutive days, 2nd group was treated with marbofloxacin 0.2 mg/kg b.wt. intramuscular daily for 3 consecutive days which chosen according to in-vitro sensitivity test applied on faecal samples, while 3rd group was treated with both roemin w2 and marbofloxacin for 3 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected 14 days post treatment. The results showed that 70%, 76.66% and 86.66% of calves in 1st , 2nd and 3rd group were recovered from diarrhoea and recurrence rate of diarrhoea was 10%, 30% and 16.66% in 1st, 2nd and 3rd group respectively lymphocyte transformation index was found to be 87.2, 58.7 and 81.3 in 1st ,2nd and 3rd group respectively.
A total of 120 clinically normal newborn calves were divided into 2 groups, 60 calves in each, the 1st group received roemin w2 20 gm/calf orally daily for 3 consecutive days, while 2nd group was kept as control, blood samples were collected 14 days post treatment, all calves were kept under observation for 3 weeks post treatment. The results showed that 25% of 1st group calves become diarrheic, while 58% of 2nd group calves become diarrheic. Lymphocyte transformation index was 77.2 in 1st and 46.8% in 2nd groups respectively, so probiotics can be used in prevention of neonatal calf diarrhoea.