الفهرس 
ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF CEREBRAL CIRCULATIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The general principle of endovascular neurosurgical procedures involves the placing of special catheters into the arterial circulation of the head, neck or spinal cord through a transfemoral artery approach. through this approach and through the utilization of special techniques (superselective anesthesia functional examination (SAFE)) it is now possible to safely and accurately access distal target vessels to allow placement of embolic materials and drugs.
The brain is supplied by the two internal carotid and two vertebral arteries. These four arteries anastomose on the inferior surface of the brain and form the circulus or the Circle of Willis. The spinal cord is supplied by three distinct longitudinal vessls; an anterior spinal artery that runs down along the anterior median sulcus and supplies the anterior 80 % of the spinal cord, and twq posterior soinal arteries that supply the posterior 20 % of the spinal cord.
The venous drainage of the brain is by veins that lie in the subarachnoid space. The veins pierce the arachnoid matter and the meningeal layer of the dura to drain into the cranial venous sinuses.
The general goals of endovascular neurosurgical procedures in cerebrovascular disorders are:
1. Defenitive treatment for certain disorders.
2. Adjunctive therapy to surgery or radiotherapy.
3. Palliative treatment e.g. for malignant and inoperable tuomors.
The great improvement in basic applications of interventional methods including development of flouroscopic equipments and non ionic contrast materials, development of angiographic techniques, high resolution flouroscopy, high speed DSA and magnetic resonance angiography and improvement of embolic materials and catheters as well as a better understanding of the neurovascular anatomy, all these allowed for an unprecedented access into the distal cerebral and spinal vasculature and thus opened new therapeutic windows.