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Abstract
’The Environmental becoming a global concern.Energy conservation, pollution andgreen house gases emission, global warming are just a few to mention. Energy conservation has been one of the major issues studied by many scholars in different disciplines, and is growingly linked with the emission of carbon dioxide as a by-product of the consumption of fossil fuel.Non-renewable energy sources including fossil fuel and nuclear energy, are on their way to depletion.Hence, ongoing research focusing on either reducing the consumption,maximizing the use of current consumption, or finding other renewable or even non-renewable soueces, is under way.
Modern man in most civillized counties spends more’ tfuin 900/0’ of his :tirile: inside an artificial environment Energy used tdsupply theSe buildings Vvith climat~” conri6l features, in order to reach thermal comfort, as well as adequate lighting, is increasing drastically. Proper and efficient building design is a must in order to reduce operating energy consumption, and hence, reducing Carbon dioxide emissions, as well as provide a comfortable internal environment.
This research is divided into three main parts. The first is a literature review of previous work and a study of the building skin and envelope. It traces the history of the building skin and its separation from the structure, reaching modem curtain walls. This part also studies the ecological aspects of buildings. Their impact on the consumption of energy, as well as the human needs for comfort in the interior space. These are addressed separately and studied stating the common standards for different building occupation and ~e patterns. They are mainly the variables of thermal comfort and adequate lighting, in addition to acceptable noise levels. The second part discusses the intelligent building. An intelligent building is designed and built with the main concept of controlling the internal environment to provide the optiplum operating conditions for the occupants, by first using the natural elements such as lighting, cooling, heating and ventilation, to their extreme, and then compensating for the difference by using artificial techniques, such as electrical lighting, and mechanical cooling and heating. The building should be able to sense internal and external weather and lighting conditions, and control different features of the building skin, as well as its interior. Occupants control and override to a certain extent should be available. The truly intelligent building should be able to learn from previous experiences and conditions in order to anticipate future needs. The intelligent skins as part of the intelligent buildings are then discussed with analyzing some built examples, and discussing the main concepts and features. Then, different techniques for evaluation and measurement of building performance are assessed, and the Life Cycle Cost Analysis technique is studied in depth, and furthermore, selected to evaluate the case study.
The final part of the research-is-the {:a5e-study where a hypothetical4-storey office building is modeled, and different trials are made in order to reach the optimum glazing type and window sizing for each f~e. The assessment and evaluation is performed using the MET Desig” Advisor online software. It assesses the buildings based on their Life Cycle Cost for energy consumption. Moreover, different variables and constants are changed separately to define the impact of every design item on the life cycle cost of the energy consumption of the building. All these results are finally formulated in• the conclusion in the form of a table presenting the design guidelines suggested for a building of similar circumstances. They should be used by Architects in early design stages in order to incorporate them in the preliminary design in order to be ready to apply optimum energy conservation techniques in a more advanced design phase, without the need for compromises. This is applicable to buildings with similar conditions and where either the building regulations or the design program and criteria require the highest levels of internal comfort, while consuming the least amount possible of energy, and producing the least possible amount of C02 gas. Initial cost should not be a main issue, as the capital return is calculated oyer the totalHfe cycle of the building.
Our non-renewable energy sources are being depleted, our rate of energy consumption is at an all time high level. and new renewable energy sources are not considered cost efficient. This is a single trial to help reduce the consumption by helping design professionals in optirnU:ing energy use in buildings, whilst supplying an agreeable and adequate internal environment for the occupants.